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Building Materials & Construction

Timber Flooring
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Contents
What Is Timber
Why Timber
History
Types of Flooring
Joists and Types of Joists
Construction details
Joinery details
Characteristics
Advantages and Disadvantages
Sketches
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What is Timber ?

Simply the name suggest that the flooring made of timber i.e wood
is called timber flooring.
Wood is a common choice as a flooring material due to its
environmental profile, durability, and restorability.
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Why Timber ?

Long lasting i.e more durablity.

Easy to clean.
Easy to resurface.
Soft for foots unlike concrete and tiles.
Gives better look.
Low maintainence.
Soft for falling objective
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History
It wasn't until the Barouque Era (1625-1714) that wooden floors
became elegant, starting with the French parquetry and marquetry
patterns.
They were then hand scraped of their overwood, scrubbed with
sand, stained and polished.
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History

During 16th century

The first wooden floors in colonial America were wide, thick planks
cut from the continents abundant old-growth forests.
During 18th century
During 18th century wooden were lest bare end kept untreatable
after installation.
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History
It was kept on the action of time i.e as the time goes the timber gets
treated according to requirement.
Before 19th century
Decorative flourishes :As decoratively painted interiors became
popular in the 19th century, this technique was applied to wood
floors, too.
Recent trend
New trends include many of the types, shades,techniques.
Wooden flooring is the symbol of royalness and wealthness too.
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Types of flooring
Strip flooring
Wood block flooring
Parquet flooring
Plank flooring
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Strip flooring
They are narrow and thin strips of timber
jointed by tongue and groove joints
Normal strips 6 to 10 cm in with and 2 to 2.5 cm in thickness are
used
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Wood block flooring

This consist of short but thicker wood blocks which are laid in
suitable designs over a concrete base
This block are properly joined together with the grains exposed
Size varying from 20*8cm to 30*8cm thickness 2 to 4 cm are used
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Parquet flooring
This is similar to block flooring except thin blocks are supported on
sub-floors
The blocks are laid by means of hot glue in desired pattern and then
nailed with panel pins
Popular in this days
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Plank flooring

In this type of flooring wider planks are used

Jointed by tongue and grooves
Normally Width
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Joists & Types Of Joists

Truss
Purlin
Girder
Rafter
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Rafter
A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams)
that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate, downslope
perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof deck
and its associated loads
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Truss
A truss consists of typically straight members connected at joints,
traditionally termed panel points. Trusses are typically composed of
triangles because of the structural stability of that shape and
design.
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Purlin
A purlin is any longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof.
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Girder
A girder is a support beam used in construction. It is the main
horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams.
Girders often have an I-beam cross section for strength, but may
also have a box shape, Z shape and other form
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Timber flooring
Single joist timber beam
double joist timber beam
Frame triple joist timber beam
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A barn in early 15th century
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Designed with single joist roofings

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Shown below is a contemporary house in
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Birmingham, laid with double joist timber floors
constructed in late 17th centuries
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Triple joist timber floor 34

in house around great Britain in late 20th century

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Construction Details

In this type of flooring timber planks of 20 to 25mm thickness and

width - 150 to 200
A concrete bed of 100 to 150mm thick is laid.
Wooden battens of 50 to 75mm thickness and trapezium in shape
are embedded in bed concrete at an interval of 500 to 700mm.

Wooden planks are laid on the battens.

Planks are connected to each other-
by tongue and groove joints.
Planks are connected to battens by-
using screws.
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Construction Details
In this type of construction base concrete is first laid in 15 to
20 cm thickness over it, a layer of mastic asphalt is applied.
Wooden block flooring is then laid over.
blocks of size 20x 8cm to 30x8cm and
thickness 2.5to4cm
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Joinery Details
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Joinery Details
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Characteristics
Durability . it should be capable of resisting the actions of fungi,
insects ,chemicals .
Toughness it should be tough.
Weathering effects
it should be able to stand -
reasonably the weathering effects.
timber is bad conductor of heat .
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Characteristics
Variety. There are a lot of styles, colours and species of timber
flooring available.
Affordable.--timber floor finish may last for up to 8 years.
The cost of recoating a timber floor is more affordable.
Timber is natural, hard wearing and when maintained and kept
clean it avoids carrying dust and allergens which promote asthma
and other respiratory problems.
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Characteristics
Ecological. Timber Floors are ecologically friendly. Since it is a
natural resource, timber is both renewable and recyclable
Easy to maintain --Maintenance of timber floors is easy.
Flexible -- Hardwood timber floors will always look good both in
contemporary and traditional interior design.
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Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages
Being strong and durable wooden floor provides infinite benefits as
it is as beautiful as any other designer flooring.
Timber flooring can withstand huge traffic without replacement and
minimal maintenance.
It just needs to be re-sanded or re-polished to retain its original
luster and finish.
Eco-friendly and natural material which hardly requires energy
during manufacturing.
Timber is hypo-allergic which do not extract dirt and other allergens.
Good insulator and hygienic
Low maintenance
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Advantages & Disadvantages

Disadvantages
Expensive
May loose its shine giving dull look
Takes lot of time to set on the floor
Sometimes slippery and dangerous
 Types of common Joints and its uses 50

Sr No Type Application
1 BUTT JOINT Generally in Furniture as
relatively its weaker

2 DOWELLED The dowels inserted inside

BUTT enables the joint to be used
in excess load bearing units

3 DADO Used at T joints generally in

connecting joists with pillars
in a wooden construction
house
4 RABBET Used at L junctions
generally in furniture as the
bonding surface area is less
which disables higher load
taking capacity
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Sr No Type Application
4 DOVE TAIL Used at L junctions
generally in furniture
As well as in house
constructions; the
higher sticking
surface area enables
it to take much more
load
5 MITRED WITH Used at L junctions
WOOD SPLINE but the Spline
inserted inside
makes it much rigid
and tough that it can
relatively take excess
loads as compared to
other joints
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6 MORTICE Used at T joints

AND TENON generally in
FURNITURES as
the tenon makes
the bond so rigid
that the joint can
take much higher
loads and makes
the furniture much
more durable

7 TONGUE AND Very common used

GROOVE joint as can be used
in variable functions
as straight joins and
other types of the
same
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