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    Action Potential

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    Jane Andrea Christiano Djianzonie
    The document discusses the action potential in neurons. It begins by explaining the resting membrane potential of -70 mV in neurons. It then describes how ion channels and pumps create this potential by actively transporting sodium out of and potassium into neurons. When the firing threshold is reached due to opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium rushes in, causing a rapid depolarization. This is followed by repolarization and a refractory period during which the neuron cannot fire again. The action potential then propagates along axons via saltatory conduction at the nodes of Ranvier between myelin sheaths.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Action Potential

    Uploaded by

    Jane Andrea Christiano Djianzonie
    56 views15 pages
    The document discusses the action potential in neurons. It begins by explaining the resting membrane potential of -70 mV in neurons. It then describes how ion channels and pumps create this potential by actively transporting sodium out of and potassium into neurons. When the firing threshold is reached due to opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium rushes in, causing a rapid depolarization. This is followed by repolarization and a refractory period during which the neuron cannot fire again. The action potential then propagates along axons via saltatory conduction at the nodes of Ranvier between myelin sheaths.

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    Action Potential

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    The document discusses the action potential in neurons. It begins by explaining the resting membrane potential of -70 mV in neurons. It then describes how ion channels and pumps create this potential by actively transporting sodium out of and potassium into neurons. When the firing threshold is reached due to opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium rushes in, causing a rapid depolarization. This is followed by repolarization and a refractory period during which the neuron cannot fire again. The action potential then propagates along axons via saltatory conduction at the nodes of Ranvier between myelin sheaths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    56 views15 pages

    Action Potential

    Uploaded by

    Jane Andrea Christiano Djianzonie
    The document discusses the action potential in neurons. It begins by explaining the resting membrane potential of -70 mV in neurons. It then describes how ion channels and pumps create this potential by actively transporting sodium out of and potassium into neurons. When the firing threshold is reached due to opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium rushes in, causing a rapid depolarization. This is followed by repolarization and a refractory period during which the neuron cannot fire again. The action potential then propagates along axons via saltatory conduction at the nodes of Ranvier between myelin sheaths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Action Potential

    Department of Physiology
    School of Medicine
    University of Sumatera Utara
    Resting Membrane
    Potential
    Found in almost all cells.
    In neurons, it is usually 70 mV.
    Genesis of Membrane
    Potential
    The distribution of ions across cell
    membrane.
    K+ move out from cell by its
    concentration gradient via K+ channels.
    Na+-K+ATPases pumps 2 K+ back into the
    cell for every 3 Na+ out of the cell.
    K+ channels make the membrane more
    permeable to K+ Na+ influx does not
    compensate K+ efflux intracellular
    relatively charged.
    Ionic Basis of
    Resting Membrane Potential

    Actively, Na+ is transported out &


    K+ into cells.
    K+ moves out & Na+ moves in, but
    because of K+ channels, K+
    permeability at rest is > Na+
    permeability, K+ channels
    maintain the RMP.
    Ionic Basis of
    Resting Membrane Potential

    Catelectronic currents voltage-


    activated Na+ channels become
    active.
    When firing level reached
    voltage-activated Na+ channels
    overwhelm the K+ & other channels
    spike potentials results.
    Excitable Tissue
    Nerve and muscle cells can be
    stimulated electrically, chemically,
    mechanically
    action potential.
    Nerve Cells
    Have a low threshold for excitation.
    2 types of psychochemical
    disturbances:
    1. Local non propagated potentials:
    Synaptic.
    Generator.
    Electrotonic.
    2. Propagated disturbances action potential
    (nerve impulses)
    Potential of Membrane
    Action potential; a characteristic series of
    potential changes if axon is stimulated and a
    conducted impulse occurs.
    Stimulus artifact; a brief irregular deflection of
    the baseline due to current leakage from the
    stimulating electrodes to the recording electrodes.
    Latent period; isopotential interval from stimulus
    artifact until the starts of the action potential
    impulse takes time to travel along the axon from
    the site of stimulation to the recording electrodes.
    Potential of Membrane
    If the stimulus is at or above threshold
    intensity, the action potential is therefore
    all or none in character.
    Strength duration curve; the relation
    between the strength & the duration of a
    threshold stimulus.
    Accommodation; a process that slowly
    raising currents fail to fire the nerve because
    the nerve adapts to the applied stimulus.
    Potential of Membrane
    Electrotonic potentials;
    Application of such currents with a cathode leads
    to a localized depolarizing potential change that
    rises sharply & decays exponentially with time.
    The magnitude of this response drops off rapidly
    as the distance between the stimulating and
    recording electrodes is increased.
    Conversely, an anodal current produces a
    hyperpolarizing potential change of similar
    duration. These potential changes are called
    electrotonic potentials.
    Potential of Membrane
    Local responses;
    Effect on membrane potential due to
    an application of subthreshold
    stimuli but do not produce an action
    potential.
    Firing level;
    A threshold level that makes
    excitable membrane is triggered to
    undergo an action potential.
    Changes in Excitability During
    Electronic Potentials
    & the Action Potential
    Refractory Period;
    During the local response, the threshold is lowered, but
    during the rising & much of the falling phases of the spike
    potential, the neuron is refractory to the stimulation.
    Absolute refractory period; the period from the time the
    firing level is reached until repolarization is about
    complete. not excitable.
    Relative refractory period; lasting from the repolarization is
    about complete to the start of after hyper-depolarization.
    excitable by stronger than normal stimulus.
    Changes in Excitability
    During
    Electronic Potentials
    & the Action Potential
    During after-depolarization, the
    threshold again decreased.
    During after-hyperpolarization, the
    threshold is increased.
    Electrogenesis
    of the Action Potential
    Nerve cell membrane is polarized
    at rest, charges along the outside
    of the membrane and charges
    along the inside.
    During the action potential, this
    polarity is abolished & for a brief
    period is actually reversed.
    Saltatory Conduction
    Jumping of depolarization from
    node to node at myelinated nerve
    axon.

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