Akpo Field Development Focus On Riser System: BY Omeoga Obinna OTI/MSC/PPE/2016/FT/013

AKPO FIELD DEVELOPMENT; FOCUS ON
RISER SYSTEM
BY
OMEOGA OBINNA
OTI/MSC/PPE/2016/FT/013
BRIEF HISTORY
The Totals Akpo field lies offshore Nigeria within OML130, some 200km south
of Port Harcourt.
Water depths ranging from 1250m to 1480m
Operated by TOTAL UPSTREAM NIGERIA LIMITED since March 2009.
The spread-moored 2 million barrel AKPO FPSO receives oil and gas through
insulated SCRs, produces the fluids, and offloads the product via 2 Off-
Loading Lines (OOLs) to the Oil Offloading Terminal (OLT) which is a Single
Point Mooring (SPM) buoy, and subsequently to a shuttle tanker.
Akpo Production Facility is designed to operate up to 45 subsea wells
arranged in clusters around subsea manifolds
DEEPWATER RISER SELECTION
WHAT REALLY DRIVES THE DECISION?
Develop efficient, safe & reliable riser designs
Robust / Fatigue optimized / Thermal requirements
Improve performance and reduce criticality
Faster installation
Lower cost installation
Improve schedule flexibility
Availability of installation vessels
Pre-installation capability
Operational flexibility
Long term integrity
Facilitate future maintenance, upgrades and additions
CONCEPT SELECTION
As an integral feature of the development and at the onset of the project, the
Subsea Catenary Riser (SCR) concept was selected.
The basis for the selection was to implement a proven technology sufficiently
generic to attract competition for its implementation
Three configurations to choose from are:
Free hanging SCR (used in Akpo)
Lazy wave SCR
Buoyancy supported riser
Steel Catenary Risers advantages:
Economically attractive
Large diameters
High resistance to internal and external pressure
Simple and robust installation methods
Sensitive to dynamics and more vulnerable to fatigue when they are light in water
Challenges:
Increasing top tensions due to larger diameters and deeper water
Increase of fatigue due to harsher environments, and increasing top tensions
Selection Influenced by:
Water depth
Environmental conditions
Installation method
SCR size and design
Top tension
Fatigue allowances
Type of production platform
RISER SYSTEM AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
A Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) is a prolongation of a sub-sea pipeline
attached to a floating production structure in a catenary shape.
SCR lines are commonly subjected to fatigue loads, particularly in the
touchdown zone, due to platform movements, Vortex Induced Vibrations
(VIV) and sea currents.
The SCR system is composed of:
4 off 10 ID production loops with Flex Joint (FJ) at FPSO side
1 off 8 ID gas injection line with FJ at FPSO side
4 off 10 ID water injection line with FJ at FPSO side
1 off 16 OD gas export line with FJ at FPSO side
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
Alternative solution in terms of riser selection in the Akpo project includes the
following risers.
1. freestanding bundle hybrid risers (deep waters)
2. freestanding single line hybrid risers (deep waters)
Hybrid Riser
Hybrid Riser incorporated steel and flexible pipe technologies this allows the
flexible pipe to absorb most of the dynamic motions of the riser while the
Steel Catenary Riser or vertical leg is connected to a sub-surface buoy for
support. These Hybrid Risers systems have been developed mainly for the
reduction of the decoupling effect between the floating production unit and
the risers.
WHY HYBRID RISER?
Hybrid risers allow for the reduction of the:

1. Riser loads transmitted onto the floating production unit
2. Minimizing riser fatigue issues
3. Installation planning risk decoupling as the hybrid risers can be pre-installed prior to the
floating production unit site arrival.
The hybrid systems would bring about a more cost effective, technical solutions, and higher
productivity providing access to deeper field developments. The most common used Hybrid
Risers are the Free Standing Hybrid Riser with a single leg configuration or several bundled in
a Hybrid Tower Riser.
A TYPICAL HYBRID RISER

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AKPO FIELD DEVELOPMENT; FOCUS ON

Hybrid risers allow for the reduction of the:

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