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    Electron Theory

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    Henry James Keeler
    1) The document discusses the electron theory of electricity and the structure of atoms. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in spherical shells. 2) The number of valence electrons determines an element's electrical properties. Conductors have less than four valence electrons and conduct electricity well. Insulators have more than four valence electrons and oppose electrical currents. Semiconductors have four valence electrons and are neither conductors nor insulators. 3) Common examples of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are given based on their atomic structure and number of valence electrons.

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    Electron Theory

    Uploaded by

    Henry James Keeler
    104 views15 pages
    1) The document discusses the electron theory of electricity and the structure of atoms. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in spherical shells. 2) The number of valence electrons determines an element's electrical properties. Conductors have less than four valence electrons and conduct electricity well. Insulators have more than four valence electrons and oppose electrical currents. Semiconductors have four valence electrons and are neither conductors nor insulators. 3) Common examples of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are given based on their atomic structure and number of valence electrons.

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    1) The document discusses the electron theory of electricity and the structure of atoms. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in spherical shells. 2) The number of valence electrons determines an element's electrical properties. Conductors have less than four valence electrons and conduct electricity well. Insulators have more than four valence electrons and oppose electrical currents. Semiconductors have four valence electrons and are neither conductors nor insulators. 3) Common examples of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are given based on their atomic structure and number of valence electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    104 views15 pages

    Electron Theory

    Uploaded by

    Henry James Keeler
    1) The document discusses the electron theory of electricity and the structure of atoms. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in spherical shells. 2) The number of valence electrons determines an element's electrical properties. Conductors have less than four valence electrons and conduct electricity well. Insulators have more than four valence electrons and oppose electrical currents. Semiconductors have four valence electrons and are neither conductors nor insulators. 3) Common examples of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are given based on their atomic structure and number of valence electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    E LECTRON THEORY OF

    ELECTRICITY
    E LECTRON THEORY OF
    ELECTRICITY
    All matter, whether a gas, a liquid or a solid, is composed of
    atoms which, in turn, are made up of fundamental
    subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    Basic structure of an atom


    P ROTONS , N EUTRONS &
    E LECTRONS
    Protons are positively charged particles
    found in the atomic nucleus. Protons were
    discovered by Ernest Rutherford..
    Neutrons are uncharged particles found in
    the atomic nucleus. Neutrons were
    discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
    Electrons are negatively charged particles
    that surround the atom's nucleus. Electrons
    were discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
    S TRUCTURE OF THE ATOM

    The nucleus of the atom is the tiny


    central core of an atom and is
    composed of protons and neutrons.
    Rutherfords model is the nuclear
    atom: In the nuclear atom, the
    proton and neutron are located in
    the nucleus. The electrons are
    distributed around the nucleus.
    R UTHERFORD S N UCLEAR
    M ODEL OF THE ATOM
    S TRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

    Simplified representation of the atom. Electrons


    travel in spherical orbits called shells.
    S TRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

    Electrons orbit the nucleus in spherical orbits


    called shells, designated by letters K, L, M, N,
    and so on.
    Only certain numbers of electrons can exist
    within any given shell. For example, there can be
    up to 2 electrons in the K shell, up to 8 in the L
    shell, up to 18 in the M shell, and up to 32 in the
    N shell.
    The number in any shell depends on the
    element.
    S TRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

    Atomic structure of Copper


    E LECTRON THEORY OF
    ELECTRICITY

    No element can have more than eight


    valence electrons; when a valence shell
    has eight electrons, it is filled.
    The number of valence electrons that an
    element has directly affects its electrical
    properties.
    Solid materials may be classified as
    conductors, insulators and semiconductors.
    C ONDUCTORS

    Conductors are materials having less


    than four valence electrons. They
    conduct electrical current very easily
    because of their free electrons.
    Some common conductors are
    copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.
    ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF
    A LUMINUM
    I NSULATORS

    Insulators are materials having


    greater than four valence
    electrons. They oppose electrical
    current and make poor
    conductors.
    Some common insulators are
    glass, air, plastic, rubber, and
    wood.
    ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF
    P HOSPHORUS
    S EMICONDUCTORS

    Semiconductors are materials


    having 4 valence electrons.
    They are neither a conductor
    nor an insulator.
    Some common
    semiconductors are
    germanium and silicon.
    ATOMIC S TRUCTURE OF
    S ILICON

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