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Introduction To XHTML Part 1

The document introduces XHTML, explaining that it aims to replace HTML by being a stricter, cleaner version. It covers key points about XHTML including that it is a web standard, the importance of well-formed documents, required syntax elements like proper nesting, lowercase tags, and closed elements. The document also provides an overview of basic XHTML syntax and markup, common tags, and validating documents.

Uploaded by

Sofea Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
138 views

Introduction To XHTML Part 1

The document introduces XHTML, explaining that it aims to replace HTML by being a stricter, cleaner version. It covers key points about XHTML including that it is a web standard, the importance of well-formed documents, required syntax elements like proper nesting, lowercase tags, and closed elements. The document also provides an overview of basic XHTML syntax and markup, common tags, and validating documents.

Uploaded by

Sofea Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Introduction to XHTML

Part 1 of 2
pejal71@gmail.com
Objectives

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to

identify
important components of XHTML
document

use XHTML tags to create web page

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Agenda

Whatis XHTML?
XHTML is a Web Standard
Why XHTML?
XHTML vs. HTML
XHTML syntax (intro - part 1)

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What is XHTML?

stands for EXtensible Hypertext Markup


Language
aimed to replace HTML
almost identical to HTML 4.01
stricter and cleaner version of HTML

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XHTML is a Web standard

XHTML 1.0 became an official W3C


Recommendation on January 26, 2000
XHTML 1.1 May 31st 2001
XHTML 5 28 October 2014
the specification is stable
has been reviewed by the W3C membership
the specification is now a Web standard

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Why XHTML?

<html>
<head>
<title>This is bad HTML </title>
<body>
<h1>Bad HTML
</body>

thecode above works fine if you view in a web


browser , even it does not follow the HTML rules

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Why XHTML?

we need a "well-formed" document. why?


different browser technologies
some browsers run on computers, some
browsers run on mobile phones and some on
palm pilots (do you know this?)
problem in interpreting a "bad" markup
language

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Differences between XHTML & HTML?

XHTML elements must be properly nested


XHTML documents must be well-formed
tag names must be in lowercase
all XHTML elements must be closed

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XHTML Documents must be
properly nested
inHTML, some elements can be improperly
nested within each other like this:

<b><i>This text is bold and italic </b></i>

inXHTML, ALL elements must be properly


nested within each other like this:

<b><i>This text is bold and italic </i></b>

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XHTML Documents must be
well-formed
must be nested within the <html> root element
all other elements can have sub (children)
elements
sub elements must be in pairs and correctly nested
within their parent elements.
below is the basic document structure:

<html>
<head>. . . </head>
<body>. . . </body>
</html>

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Tag Names Must Be in Lower Case

XHTML documents are XML applications


XML is case-sensitive
tags like <br> and <BR> are interpreted as
different tags

This is Wrong This is Correct


<BODY> <body>
<P>This is a <p>This is a
paragraph </P> paragraph</p>
</BODY> </body>

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ALL XHTML Elements
Must Be Closed
non-empty elements must have an end tag
empty elements must also be closed

This is Wrong This is Correct


<p>This is a <p>This is a
paragraph paragraph
</p>
This is a break <br> This is a break
<br />

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XHTML Basic Syntax

an XHTML documents consists of 3 main parts


1. the DOCTYPE
2. the head
3. the body
the basic document structure is:
<?xml . . . >
<!DOCTYPE . . . >
<html>
<head> <title>... </title> </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>

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XHTML Basic Syntax

theDOCTYPE declaration should always be in the


second line after XML declaration.
<html> tag is a must

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML
1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">

an XHTML example (minimal)

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XHTML <!DOCTYPE>

the <!DOCTYPE> is mandatory. There are currently


3 XHTML document types:
STRICT - when you want really clean markup, free of
presentational clutter. normally use this together with
Cascading Style Sheet(CSS)
TRANSITIONAL - when you want to take advantage of
HTML's presentational features and when you want to
support browsers that don't understand CSS
FRAMESET - when you want to use frames to partition
the browser window into two or more frames set

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More XHTML Tags:

comment ...
more tags in the
header next class
paragraph homework: write an

break
XHTML document
about yourself. you
horizontal bar can include your
bold, italic, font photo, strengths,
list weaknesses, email
link address etc. save your
images
document as
your_id.html
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Resources

XHTML Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/default.asp
The W3C Markup Validaton Service
http://validator.w3.org/

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