Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 52 views

    Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Moratuwa: Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe

    Uploaded by

    nishanthaindika
    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics, including key concepts like fluid properties, flow properties, Newton's law of viscosity, fluid classification, laminar and turbulent flow behavior, and the Reynolds number. It defines important fluid properties like density, viscosity, bulk modulus, and flow characteristics like velocity and pressure. It also classifies fluids as compressible or incompressible, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, and discusses the transition between laminar and turbulent flow governed by the Reynolds number. Examples are given for calculating the Reynolds number in different flow situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Moratuwa: Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe

    Uploaded by

    nishanthaindika
    52 views21 pages
    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics, including key concepts like fluid properties, flow properties, Newton's law of viscosity, fluid classification, laminar and turbulent flow behavior, and the Reynolds number. It defines important fluid properties like density, viscosity, bulk modulus, and flow characteristics like velocity and pressure. It also classifies fluids as compressible or incompressible, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, and discusses the transition between laminar and turbulent flow governed by the Reynolds number. Examples are given for calculating the Reynolds number in different flow situations.

    Original Description:

    basic theory of piped services

    Original Title

    Piped services

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics, including key concepts like fluid properties, flow properties, Newton's law of viscosity, fluid classification, laminar and turbulent flow behavior, and the Reynolds number. It defines important fluid properties like density, viscosity, bulk modulus, and flow characteristics like velocity and pressure. It also classifies fluids as compressible or incompressible, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, and discusses the transition between laminar and turbulent flow governed by the Reynolds number. Examples are given for calculating the Reynolds number in different flow situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views21 pages

    Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Moratuwa: Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe

    Uploaded by

    nishanthaindika
    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics, including key concepts like fluid properties, flow properties, Newton's law of viscosity, fluid classification, laminar and turbulent flow behavior, and the Reynolds number. It defines important fluid properties like density, viscosity, bulk modulus, and flow characteristics like velocity and pressure. It also classifies fluids as compressible or incompressible, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, and discusses the transition between laminar and turbulent flow governed by the Reynolds number. Examples are given for calculating the Reynolds number in different flow situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 21

    CE 5502

    Introduction
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    University of Moratuwa

    Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe


    1. INTRODUCTION
    Contents
    Applications
    Fluid Properties and Flow Properties
    Newton's Law of Viscosity
    Classification of Fluids
    Behavior of Real Fluids
    Reynolds Number

    CE5502 2
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Applications

    CE5502 3
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Applications

    CE5502 4
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Fluid Properties and Flow Properties
    Fluid Properties Flow Characteristics
    density linear velocity
    viscocity Angular velocity
    bulk modulus
    Accelaration
    Force
    Scalars : , , &
    Pressure
    Vectors : , , , Tensor of order 1
    Direct stress
    = + +
    Shear stress
    Tensor : , , , Tensor of order 2
    Direct strain

    Shear strain

    CE5502 5
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Fluid Properties and Flow Properties
    Viscosity
    Resistance to flow due to molecular friction between fluid particles
    Viscosity of common fluids
    ( Approximate values in Pas )
    Air (180 C) 1.9 x 10-5

    Water (200 C) 0.001

    Blood (370 C) 0.005

    Canola oil (200 C) 0.01

    Motor Oil (200 C) 1

    Molten lava 1000


    dynamic viscosity

    = kinematic viscosity

    CE5502 6
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Fluid Properties and Flow Properties
    Viscosity

    Dynamic Viscosity of Water

    CE5502 7
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Fluid Properties and Flow Properties
    Sutherland formula for gas viscosity

    32
    0 +
    = 0
    + 0

    0 = reference temperature, K
    0 = viscosity of the gas at temperature, 0
    = Sutherland's constant for the gas, K
    = the temperature of the gas, K
    = the viscosity of the gas at temperature, in the same units as 0 .
    CE5502 8
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Newton's Law of Viscosity
    For straight & parallel motion of a given fluid, the shear stress
    between two adjacent layers is proportional to the velocity
    gradient in a direction perpendicular to the layers

    Any fluid which obeys this law is referred to as a Newtonian fluid.

    CE5502 9
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Newton's Law of Viscosity

    CE5502 10
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Classification of Fluids
    Based on Density
    Compressible
    o Variation of density is significant during the flow
    Incompressible
    o Density variation is negligible during the flow
    Based on Viscosity
    Invicid fluids (non-viscous, i.e. = 0 )
    o An Imaginary fluid
    o but some real flow cases can also be approximated
    Viscous fluids (real fluids)
    o Newtonian Fluids
    o Non-Newtonian Fluids (Clay, Paints, Plastics)
    CE5502 11
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Classification of Fluids
    Steady & unsteady flows
    Uniform & non-uniform flows
    1 , 2 & 3 dimensional flows
    Internal & external flows
    Laminar & turbulent flows

    CE5502 12
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Behavior of Real Fluids
    Laminar
    Flow particles move on layers, without disturbing adjacent layers
    No mixing between layers

    Turbulent
    Fluid particles move in disorderly manner with continuous
    rapid mixing with adjacent fluid particles

    CE5502 13
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Behavior of Real Fluids
    Laminar Flows

    Laminar flow is deterministic in nature

    Viscosity is predominant in laminar flow to damp out any


    disturbance which could cause the flow to become turbulent

    Laminar flow of Newtonian fluid is governed by Newtons law


    of viscosity

    CE5502 14
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Behavior of Real Fluids
    Turbulent Flows
    Influence of viscosity is not sufficient to damp out disturbances

    Turbulent flow is random in nature & can be described only in


    terms of its mean properties and fluctuations of properties

    Turbulent set up much greater shear stresses causing higher


    energy losses

    Newtons law of viscosity is not applicable for turbulent flow

    CE5502 15
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Reynolds Number
    A quantitative index to measure how turbulent is the flow


    = =


    = = =


    = = = 2 2
    3

    CE5502 16
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Reynolds Number

    = =


    = = 2 =
    2

    2 2
    = =

    CE5502 17
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Reynolds Number
    0
    Flow in a circular Pipe =

    Re < 2000 - flow is laminar


    Re > 4000 - flow is turbulent
    2000 < Re < 4000 - flow is transition

    CE5502 18
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Reynolds Number
    Flow in a Rectangular (Non Circular) Duct
    0
    =

    - Hydraulic Diameter
    4
    =

    - cross-sectional area of the pipe


    - wetted perimeter
    =2 +
    CE5502 19
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Reynolds Number
    Flow over a Flat Plate

    0
    =

    0

    CE5502 20
    1. INTRODUCTION
    Reynolds Number
    Some other cases

    Flow over a cylinder


    0
    =

    Flow over a step
    0
    =

    Flow in an engine

    =

    CE5502 21

    You might also like