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    Essential Question: - What Was Decolonization & How Did Decolonization Impact India & Africa?

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    Asma Sethi
    After World War II, many nations in Africa and Asia gained independence from European imperialists in a process known as decolonization. India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after decades of non-violent protests led by Gandhi. Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from Britain in 1957 under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. South Africa gained independence in 1931 but the white minority established the racist policy of apartheid, leading to decades of struggle and the end of apartheid in 1990. Decolonization in Africa was often violent and did not always lead to stable democracies, as seen by civil wars and genocides that occurred in several nations.

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    Essential Question: - What Was Decolonization & How Did Decolonization Impact India & Africa?

    Uploaded by

    Asma Sethi
    171 views28 pages
    After World War II, many nations in Africa and Asia gained independence from European imperialists in a process known as decolonization. India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after decades of non-violent protests led by Gandhi. Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from Britain in 1957 under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. South Africa gained independence in 1931 but the white minority established the racist policy of apartheid, leading to decades of struggle and the end of apartheid in 1990. Decolonization in Africa was often violent and did not always lead to stable democracies, as seen by civil wars and genocides that occurred in several nations.

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    Decolonization in India and Africa

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    After World War II, many nations in Africa and Asia gained independence from European imperialists in a process known as decolonization. India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after decades of non-violent protests led by Gandhi. Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from Britain in 1957 under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. South Africa gained independence in 1931 but the white minority established the racist policy of apartheid, leading to decades of struggle and the end of apartheid in 1990. Decolonization in Africa was often violent and did not always lead to stable democracies, as seen by civil wars and genocides that occurred in several nations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    171 views28 pages

    Essential Question: - What Was Decolonization & How Did Decolonization Impact India & Africa?

    Uploaded by

    Asma Sethi
    After World War II, many nations in Africa and Asia gained independence from European imperialists in a process known as decolonization. India gained independence from Britain in 1947 after decades of non-violent protests led by Gandhi. Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from Britain in 1957 under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. South Africa gained independence in 1931 but the white minority established the racist policy of apartheid, leading to decades of struggle and the end of apartheid in 1990. Decolonization in Africa was often violent and did not always lead to stable democracies, as seen by civil wars and genocides that occurred in several nations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 28

    Essential Question:

    What was decolonization & how did


    decolonization impact India & Africa?

    Warm Up Questions:
    The Post-World War II World
    What will happen in world history in the
    years after World War II (1945today)?
    Examine the next four images &
    make a prediction about what will
    happen in the world after World War II
    (with exception to the Cold War)
    Be prepared to discuss your answers
    Nations in India, Southeast Asia, & Africa gained
    independence from imperialists (decolonization)
    After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976,
    China adopted some capitalist reforms but the
    govt still strictly controlled personal liberties
    Trade became more global (known as globalism) as
    technology expanded, markets grew, & corporations
    became dominant business organizations
    Ethnic conflicts, genocide, & terrorism increased
    throughout the world
    At the end of World War II, This trend was known
    many nations in Africa & as decolonization
    Asia gained independence The first major colony
    from European imperialists to gain independence
    was India in 1947
    During the First World War, The British govt
    Title promised Indians
    India sent troops to fight
    with the British against the self-rule as a reward
    Central
    Text Powers in Europe for participating in WWI

    When the war ended & self-rule was not granted,


    nationalism & demands for independence increased
    Mohandas Gandhi
    emerged as the leader of
    the Indian independence
    movement in the 1920s
    Gandhi urged Indians to
    use non-violent means to
    achieve their goals
    Gandhis tactics included
    deliberately breaking
    unfair British laws
    (called civil disobedience)
    Gandhi encouraged
    peaceful protests &
    boycotting British goods
    in order to hurt the
    British colonial economy
    In 1935, British But, self-rule created tensions
    granted India limited Title
    between the Hindu majority
    self-rule but not total & the Muslim minority who
    independence feared giving power to Hindus
    When World War II broke out, This led to protests
    Title & renewed calls for
    Britain committed Indian
    troops to the war with asking independence from
    Indias
    Textself-governing assembly Britain

    When World War II ended But, violence between


    in 1945, Britain was in Hindus & Muslims
    debt & ready to grant made granting
    India its independence independence difficult
    In 1947, Britain agreed
    Titleto a partition (division)
    of India & granted
    Text independence to two
    nations: India & Pakistan

    During the partition, 10 million people relocated;


    Violence broke out Pakistan
    leaving 1 was dominated
    million dead,
    India was a
    includingnation
    Gandhimade
    who by Muslims
    was (EastinPakistan
    assassinated 1949
    up largely of Hindus later became Bangladesh )
    In 1947, India became the worlds
    Title
    largest democratic nation;
    Jawaharlal Nehru was elected
    Text
    Indias first prime minister

    Nehru emphasized
    democracy, unity, &
    modernizing India
    In the Cold War, India
    was a leader among
    non-aligned nations
    In 1966, Nehrus daughter, Under Nehru, women
    Indira Gandhi, was elected & lower caste Hindus
    prime minister gained rights
    Title
    Text
    Click here for a brief video on
    INDIA TODAY and identify three
    characteristics of India in the 21st century
    Essential Question:
    What was decolonization & how did
    decolonization impact India & Africa?

    CPWH Agenda for Unit 14.1:


    Clicker Preview Questions
    Decolonization in Africa
    Todays HW: 34.3
    CPWH Final Exam: May 23-24
    County Post-Test: May 25-27
    In the 1950s & 1960s, The first sub-Saharan
    African colonies African colony to gain
    experienced decolonization its independence was
    & gained independence Ghana in 1957
    As a imperial power,
    Britain conquered
    much of Africa
    including Gold Coast
    After WWII, Britain
    allowed Africans in
    Gold Coast to
    participate in local
    self governments
    Starting in 1947,
    Kwame Nkrumah
    used Gandhis non-
    violent strategy of
    boycotts & strikes to
    pressure Britain to
    grant independence
    Nkrumah supported Pan-Africanism
    (unity among Africans) & hoped to
    create a United States of Africa

    After a decade of
    struggle, Britain
    granted Gold Coast
    independence in 1957
    & the nation was
    renamed Ghana
    Kwame Nkrumah was
    elected president-for-life
    & beganInan 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown &
    ambitious
    seriesGhana struggled
    of road, between military & civilian
    education,
    rule until
    health elections were finally held in 2000
    programs
    Unlike Ghana,
    demands for
    independence in
    South Africa were
    led by white colonists

    When South Africa


    gained independence in
    1931, white Afrikaners
    gained power & create a
    policy of apartheid
    Apartheid laws created
    strict racial segregation
    between blacks & whites
    Black South Africans
    protested apartheid &
    often violent riots broke out
    The anti-apartheid In 1964, Mandela was arrested
    leader was & given a life sentence for
    Nelson Mandela opposing apartheid laws

    In the 1980s, many foreign nations refused to


    trade with South Africa in protest of apartheid
    In 1990, new South South African parliament
    African President repealed all apartheid laws
    F. W. de Clerk released & announced the first
    Mandela from prison multiracial election in 1994
    Nelson Mandela won the
    election & became South
    Africas first black president
    South Africans adopted
    a new constitution with
    a Bill of Rights that
    guaranteed equal rights
    for all citizens
    Not all African independence movements
    ended with democracy or without bloodshed
    After gaining
    independence,
    Nigeria erupted in
    an ethnic civil war
    In Congo, a series of
    civil wars weakened
    the newly-formed
    nation
    Ethnic divisions
    weakened Kenyas
    government &
    led to violence &
    rule by dictators
    Among the worst examples of violence in Africa is
    the genocide (mass killings) in Rwanda & Sudan
    IntoDarfur,
    Link the Sudanese
    video on Rwandan genocide (3.00)
    govt killed up to 400,000
    Muslims in an attempt to
    destroy an anti-govt
    rebel movement

    In Rwanda, ethnic conflict


    between rival clans led to the
    LinkHutus massacring
    to video on Darfur genocidebetween
    (5.00)
    500,000 & 800,000 Tutsi in 1994
    Genocide in Africa
    U.N. Peacekeeping Interventions, 1945-2009
    The Challenges in Africa Today

    The Aids Epidemic in Africa (Link to NY Times video, 6.00)


    The Challenges of Africa (Link to Zimbabwe video, 5.30)

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