Heat Transfer Equipment 2. Boiling and Condensing
Heat Transfer Equipment 2. Boiling and Condensing
Heat Transfer Equipment 2. Boiling and Condensing
Source: UOP
bubble
Often used as steam
heating
point
liquid in liquid
generator because of
medium
out
out
built in separator for
vapor and allowance for
blowdown
Water 1500
Water solutions, 50% water or more 600
Light Hydrocarbons 300
Medium Hydrocarbons 200
Freon 400
Ammonia 700
Propane 400
Butane 400
Amines 300
Alcohols 300
Glycols 200
Benzene, Toluene 200
Note: Coefficients are based on 3/4 inch diameter tubes. For Tube side flows, correct by
multiplying by 0.75/Actual OD.
2012 G.P. Towler / UOP. For educational use in conjunction with
Towler & Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy
Chemical Engineering Design
Enhancement of Boiling Heat
Transfer: UOP High Flux Tubing
Porous metal coating applied to ID or OD
Porous
Coating
Tube Wall
Source: UOP
Porous boiling surface
Coating thickness 0.127mm - 0.381 mm
Strong metallurgical bond
Interconnecting Channels or Re-entrant Sites
Boiling performance ~ 10x greater than bare tube
Overall performance ~ 2-5x greater than bare tube
2012 G.P. Towler / UOP. For educational use in conjunction with
Towler & Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy
Chemical Engineering Design
Magnification of High Flux Tube Surface
Cavity Coating
Source: UOP
500x Mag
Water Water
100000
Propylene Propylene
10000
0.1 1 10 100
T (C)
Enables closer temperature approaches
2012 G.P. Towler / UOP. For educational use in conjunction with
Towler & Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy
Chemical Engineering Design
High Flux Tube Products
ID Coated
OD Bare or Fluted
OD Coated
ID Bare or Finned
Source: UOP
Condensers (Kettles)
Boiling Refrigerant
Source: UOP
Concentration
Concentration profile of
profile
condensing component
Temperature Temperature
profile profile
Tubes in bundle
Condensate draining
from tubes above
creates constant Condensate draining from tubes
rippling and above increases condensate level
turbulence which on tubes below which decreases
improves condensing condensing coefficient.
coefficient
Steam 1500
Steam, 10% non-condensable 600
Steam, 20% non-condensable 400
Steam, 40% non-condensable 220
Pure Light Hydrocarbons 250-300
Mixed Light Hydrocarbons 175-250
Gasoline 150-220
Gasoline-steam mixtures 200
Medium Hydrocarbons 100
Medium hydrocarbons with steam 125
Pure Organic solvents 250
Ammonia 600
Note: Coefficients are based on 3/4 inch diameter tubes. For Tube side flows, correct by
multiplying by 0.75/Actual OD.
2012 G.P. Towler / UOP. For educational use in conjunction with
Towler & Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy
Chemical Engineering Design