Information Systems and Management

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Overview
Information Systems and

Management
An Introduction to
Information Systems
Information System:
An information system is a set of

interrelated components that collect,
manipulate, store data and disseminate
information and provide a feedback
mechanism to monitor performance.
What is an Information
System?
An organized combination of
people, hardware, software,
communications networks, and
data resources that collects data,
transforms it, and disseminates
information.
Data Vs. Information
Data: Raw unorganized facts
Information:
A collection of facts organized in such a
way that they have additional value
beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Defining and organizing relationships among

data creates information.
Information Concepts
Process:
A set of logically related tasks performed
to achieve a defined outcome.
Knowledge:
An awareness and understanding of a set
of information and ways that information
can be made useful to support a specific
task or reach a decision
The Value of Information
The value of Information

is directly linked to how
it helps decision makers
achieve their organizations
goals.
System
A system is a set of elements or

components that interact to
accomplish goals.
CBIS
Hardware:
Computer Equipment
Software:
Computer Programs
Databases:
An organized collections of facts
CBIS
Telecommunications:
Electronic transmission of signals
for communication
Networks: Distant electronic communication

Internet: Interconnected Networks
Intranet: Internal Corporate Network
Extranet: Linked Intranets
CBIS
People
Procedures:
Strategies, policies, methods, and
rules for using a CBIS.
Business Information
Systems
Electronic and Mobile
Commerce
E-Commerce:
Any business transaction executed
electronically
M-Commerce:
Transactions conducted anywhere,
anytime
Relies on wireless communications

TPS and ERP
Transaction
business related exchange
Evidence of a business event
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
A system which records completed
business transactions
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
A set of integrated programs for managing
the entire business operations
Business Information
Systems
Management Information System:
A system used to provide routine
information to managers and decision
makers
Decision Support System:

A system used to support problem-
specific decision making
Specialized Business I.S.
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
A field in which the computer takes on the

characteristics of human intelligence
Expert System:
A system that gives a computer the ability to
make suggestions and act like an expert in a
particular field.
Knowledge Base:
The collection of data, rules,
procedures, and relationships that
must be followed to achieve value or
the proper outcome.
Virtual Reality:
The simulation of a real or

imagined environment that can be
experienced visually in three
dimensions
Systems Development
Systems Development:
The activity of creating or modifying

existing business information systems
Systems Investigation and
Analysis
Understand the problem

and potential solutions
Systems Design,
Implementation, Maintenance
and Review
Determine how the new system will

meet business needs
Put the new system into operation
Ensure the system continues to
meet changing business needs
Information Systems in
Society
Security, Privacy, Ethical

Issues in Information Systems
and the Internet.
Computer Literacy:
Knowledge of computer systems

and equipment and the ways they
function
General Information Systems Diagram
Management
Decisions
(Environment)
Data Input Process Output Information
Control
Feedback
Data:
Raw unorganized facts
Information:
Data organized in a meaningful
way for the user (in consideration of
the environment)
Informal Information System
Each organization has a unique

culture, or fundamental set of
assumptions, values, and ways of
doing things, that has been
accepted by most of its members
Environment:
Business - other functional areas
Computer hardware, software, other IS
Sub System:
Component of a larger system
System Boundary:
Interaction with environment (user or other
system) via an interface
Information System
Activities
1. Input of Data Resources

2. Process Data into Information
3. Output of Information
Input of Data Resources
Data entry
Editing
Machine readable
Source documents
Formal record of a transaction
User interface
How users interact with information system
Optical scanning; menu; prompts; fill in
blanks
Process Data into
Information
Calculate
Compare
Sort
Classify
Summarize
The quality of the data must be maintained by a

continual process of correcting and updating
activities
Output of Information
Transmit information to users

Display; paper; audio
Storage of data
Data are retained in an organized manner
Fields; records; files; data bases
Control of system performance
Feedback must be monitored and
evaluated to determine if the information
system is meeting established
performance standards
Systems Applications in the Organization
Decisions Management Levels Information Systems
Unstructured Senior ESS

Strategic Management
DSS
Knowledge and
GIS, CAD/CAM,
Tactical Data Worker
OAS
Middle
Management MIS
Lower
TPS
Management
Technical
(Operational)
Buy Make Sell Keep
Functions
Structured Track
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Overview
Information Systems and

Management

Information Systems and Management

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information Systems and

An information system is a set of

Data: Raw unorganized facts

Defining and organizing relationships among

The value of Information

A system is a set of elements or

Networks: Distant electronic communication

Relies on wireless communications

Decision Support System:

Artificial Intelligence (AI):

A field in which the computer takes on the

The simulation of a real or

The activity of creating or modifying

Understand the problem

Determine how the new system will

Security, Privacy, Ethical

Knowledge of computer systems

Data Input Process Output Information

Each organization has a unique

1. Input of Data Resources

The quality of the data must be maintained by a

Transmit information to users

Decisions Management Levels Information Systems

Unstructured Senior ESS

Information Systems and

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