FINAL
FINAL
FINAL
TRIBES
By:
Angele Yao
Vedia A. Genon
Chelsea Paclibar
Jannica Mariano Orline Nercuit
Princess Anisah Jaruni
Amadeo Rubio
Emmanuel Ines
Eugine Ariola
Fatima Rea Dyan Asani
The Moro, also called the Bangsamoro or Bangsa
Moro, are the Muslim population of the
Philippines, forming the largest non-Catholic
group in the country and comprising about 5.1%
(as of August 2007) of the total Philippine
population.[1] There are around 12 indigenous
communities, of which the majority have
converted to the religion of Islam and are now
Muslims or Moros; most are the followers of
Islam of the Shafi'i madh'hab.
The Moro people mostly live in Mindanao, Sulu and
Palawan. Due to continuous movement of their people
since the 16th century until present due to the
Philippine - Bangsa Moro War, their communities can
be found in all large cities in the Philippines, including
Manila, Cebu and Davao. Many Moros also have
emigrated to Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei in the last
half of the 20th century due to the conflict in the
Southern Philippines. Newer communities can be
found today in Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, Semporna in
neighbouring Sabah, Malaysia,[7] North Kalimantan in
Indonesia, as well in Bandar Seri Begawan of Brunei.
The full Islamization of the west coast of Mindanao
was accelerated with the arrival of Muhammad
Sharif Kabungsuwan. It was not long after his arrival
that Sharif kabungsuwan established the Sultanate
of Maguindanao, possibly in 1516.
The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro recognises
"Bangsamoro" as an identity and calls for the creation of a
new autonomous political entity called Bangsamoro.[11] The
native Moro Communities of Mindanao and Sulu are termed
considered as Filipino Muslim by the Philippine government.
Ethnic divisions
Philippine ethnic groups also referred to as indigenous
peoples are as follows:
Tausg
Badjao
Iranun
Jama Mapun/Sama
Kalagan
Kalibugan
Maguindanao
Palawanon
Maranaw
Molbog
Sangil
Yakan
TAUSUGS
Tausugs are also be called as
suluk
An Islamized tribal group in the
Sulu archipelago
Derived from two words tao
meaning man and sg meaning
current it literally means "people
of the current
They populate the Filipino
province of Sulu as a
majority, but they also reside
in the provinces of
Zamboanga del Sur, Basilan,
Tawi-Tawi, Palawan, Cebu and
Manila as minorities.
Language and Literature
The Tausug language is called "Sinug" with "Bahasa" to mean
Language. The Tausug language is related to Bicolano, Tagalog and
Visayan languages, being especially closely related to the
Surigaonon language of the provinces Surigao del Norte, Surigao
del Sur and Agusan del Sur and the Butuanon language of
northeastern Mindanao specially the root Tausug words without the
influence of the Arabic language, sharing many common words.
PATADJUNG - is an all-purpose
skirt worn by both men and
women. It has various other uses:
as a turung or headcover, sash or
waistband, blanket, ham-mock, and
others.
A Tausug marriage is
usually arranged by
parents, with the exception
of the children of brothers,
first and second cousins
are favoured spouses.
Marriageable women are
kept in relative seclusion to
protect their value to their
family.
FOODS
SATTI DE ZAMBOANGA
Kilau
Iranun
Iranun was one of the oldest existing nations in the
world during the ancient times with definite integral
territory wherein the sovereign power and authority
was exercised over it by the ligimate ruler. Iranun as
a nation inhabited mainly the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf).
Its villages were established and concentrated in the
Iranun Bay (Illana Bay).
The language of
the Maranao and Maguindanao is strongly
rooted in the Iranun tongue. The Iranun may
perhaps be the mother language and the rest
are just a mere dialects. For several
centuries, the Iranuns in the Philippines
Iranun / Ilanun formed part of the Sultanate of
people Maguindanao. In the past, the seat of the
Orang Iranun / Maguindanao Sultanate was situated
Ilanun at Lamitan and Malabang. Both of which were
Mga Iranun / Ilanun the strongholds of the Iranun society.
Iranuns fought the Western invaders under
the flag of the Maguindanao Sultanate. The
Iranun were excellent in maritime activity.
They used to ply the route connecting
Writing
The ancient alphabets of the Iranun were patterned
in India. The system of writing was one of the good
achievements of the Iranun during its foreign
contacts with the Indian people. Although it was
primitive, the Iranun have their own system of
writing. This system of writing was influenced and
gradually changed to the present system patterned
from the arabs. They called it kirim. The kirim was
looked like sometimes a bird, a tree, a roof, and
cloud-shape.
Arts
The ancient Iranun has its own arts. The most
popular one until the present time is the ukir (
engraving naga). The ukir is used almost furnitures
and fixtures of the Iranun including houses. The
bawor (cabenit or apparador now a days) has an
ukir differrent forms and patterned. Sarimanok is
another type of ukir during the ancient Iranun which
was passed generation to generation. Most of the
museums and libraries now a days have these arts
displayed.
In Iranun culture, each set of musical instruments categorized from
the point of performance art, the meaning of a set of musical
instruments as kulintangan, gandang and gong categorized as
gholintangan or "bertitik" performing arts. Musical instruments can
be played in a certain rhythm like the rhythm timpalas and Andu
Andu-amareges.
Iranun wedding process undergoes four stages. These stages were: panunuriman
(observation), pangingidong (Whispering) from the kakamaman side (groom side),
sarangguni (actual negotiation of the two parties facilitiated by other group, usually the
Council of Elders of the bride family), and gurangna (wedding ceremony). In some cases,
sarangguni and gurangna were fused into one. It depends on the negotiation.
During the ancient Iranun, dowry (sunggodan/btang/btad sa adat) was term of material
not money, for example: land/lot, bulawan (gold), and other valuable materials (animals).
In some cases uripin (slaves were accepted as dowry or even the entire sovereign of the
groom father served as dowry in case of a single child). After signing of contract
between the two parties, the groom was granted to court and talked/'invite the bride to
ocassion with one chaperon. The groom was granted to sleep in the house of the bride.
Wedding ceremony among maharlika (ruling family) was full of decors (pandara). There
were activity (siapa sa manggis, kulintang contest, and other wedding activities were
observed) to give honor and respect to the royal wedding.
The common class (kadakelan) used only sambulayang with no flag and pamanay. The
uripin has no wedding ceremony. The ruling family used the complete set of pandara
(pasandalan, sambulayang with flag at the top of the pole, ubor-ubor, and pamanay).
Usually bright colors were used (red,green and yellow). Among the ancient Iranun red
means bravery, green means sovereign, and yellow means ruling family. These colors
Costumes and Dresses
Ancient Iranun man were using samping (vernacular for bahag) and
sablay (Tsaliko in modern time), and tubaw. However, ancient Iranun
were shoeless. They were not using shoes due to absence of
knowledge on shoemaking. They were foot bearers people. For the
women, ancient Iranun were using loose blouses in the primitive
style. Later, it was improved when foreign contacts with the Chinese.
Traditional Food
The Iranun tribe showed off their food of amik, kumukunsi (rice flour,
sugar and
duck eggs, deep fried in spiral shapes), patulakan (similar to suman),
and tiyathag
(deep fried rice flour).
kalagan
Introduction/history
The Kalagan live on the island of Mindanao in the southern
Philippines. They are located in an area between the interior
uplands and the western coast of the Davao Gulf. These
Kalagan are mainly of the Tagakaolo Kalagan branch. They
have converted to Islam either through intermarriage or
through contact with their close neighbors, the Magindanaw.
LANGUAGE: Subanon
RELIGION: Islam
Bits and Facts
They are the Islamized people of the Subanen tribe,
inhabiting the interior part of the Zamboanga
Peninsula.
Instruments:
Agong
Durugan
Tambol
Wedding practises
Similar to that of other tribes:
Parental arrangement
Dowry
Use of go-between
Feasting
MAGUINDANAO
The Maguindanao people are part of the wider Moro
ethnic group, who constitute the sixth largest
Filipino ethnic group. Their name means people of
the plains.
The Maguindanaon are divided into two principal
groups, each with its own dialect and traditional
location: The Tau-sa Ilud (people of the lower
valley) and the Tau-sa Laya (people of the upper
valley).
Tau-sa Ilud
Are concentrated in the areas around Cotabato City
and extend to South Dinaig. Traditionally, they
constituted the Sultanate of Maguindanao based
near present day Cotabato City.
Their dialect is characterized by more rapid,
harder consonant intonations, with preference for
using d rather than r and variations on the use
of l and r.
Tau-sa Laya
Are concentrated in the areas of Datu Piang and
extend south to areas which include Buluan. As a
group, they constituted the Rajahship of Buayan
based near present-day town of Datu Piang.
Their dialect is distinguished by a slower cadence, a
drawl, with frequent omission of the consonants
between vowels and a preference for using l
rather than r, periodic variations of r for d and
some differentiated vocabulary.
Their primary means of livelihood is a semi-
sedentary agriculture and grow corn and upland
rice.
Language (literatures,
music and arts)
Language
They speak Maguindanaoan and second languages
Cebuano, Tagalog and Arabic and/or English. Because of
the mass influx of Cebuano migrants to Mindanao, many
of the Maguindanao people tend to be exposed to the
Cebuano language from Visayas easily enough to be able
to speak it. Arabic, a Central Semitic language, is also
spoken by a minority of the Moro people, being the
liturgical language of Islam. Most Maranaos however, do
not know Arabic beyond its religious uses. Chavacano is
a Philippine Spanish creole, that gained popularity as a
Philippine major language during the short-lived
Republic of Zamboanga. Most of the Maguindanao
people with part-Tausug or Yakan from Zamboanga and
Basilan have also attained the ability to speak this
language, specifically the Zamboanga dialect known as
Zamboangueo.
Language (literatures,
music and arts)
Literatures
The literary elements of the Maguindanao include folk
speech and folk narratives. The folk speech is expressed
in the antuka/pantuka/paakenala (riddles) and bayok
(lyric poems), while the narratives may be divided into
the Islamic and folk traditions. The Islamic includes the
Quran; the tarsila or genealogical narratives; the luwaran,
an embodiment of customary laws; hadith or sayings of
the Prophet; the quiza or religious stories. The folk
tradition comprises the tudtul, (folktales), and the epics
Raja Indarapatra, Darangen, and Raja Madaya.
For the Maguindanao, riddles promote friendship in a
group. They are also tools for basic pedagogy. The
structure of a Maguindanao riddle consists of an image
and a subject. There are four types of image:
comparative, descriptive, puns or puzzles, and narrative.
Language (literatures,
music and arts)
MUSIC
The native Maguindanaon have a culture that
revolves around kulintang music, a specific
type of gong music, found among both
Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the
Southern Philippines.
ARTS
Arts of nearly every type are strikingly less
evident in this culture than in many nearby
groups. Representational art is confined
mostly to weaving, basket making, and
certain ornaments. Graceful dances are
performed on special occasions to the
rhythmic music of gongs and other
instruments. Personal adornment in the
forms of bright clothing, beaded jewelry, and
other accessories is distinctive and colorful.
Culture (belief, wedding,
marriage, burial)
Religious Beliefs
The predominant religion among the Maguindanao
is a form of folk Islam. Islamic beliefs and practices,
which are gradually becoming more orthodox, are
superimposed on a preexisting animistic belief
system. People continue to believe in a variety of
environmental spirits, and many tales are told of
magic, sorcery, and supernatural beings. Even Sarip
Kabungsuwan, who is credited with having brought
Islam to this area, is described as having had
powers of magic and sorcery.
Culture (belief, wedding,
marriage, burial)
Religious Practitioners
Muslim religious leaders and teachers (imam and
pandita ) preside over religious life and young
schoolboys in reading and memorizing the Quran.
They are the formal religious practitioners in the
society. There are also other, less visible, religious
functionaries who perform important services in
appeasing the environmental spirits. An example is
the apo na palay, or "grandfather of the rice," who
conducts rituals and chants incantations over the
rice fields at night to ensure a good harvest.
Culture (belief, wedding,
marriage, burial)
Wedding
Filipino Muslims in the Mindanao region of the
Philippines commonly practice pre-arranged
marriages and betrothal. The wedding include the
pangalay, a celebration or announcement
performed by means of the playing of percussion
instruments like as the gabbang, the kulintang, and
the agong. Included in the wedding ceremony that
is officiated by an Imam are readings taken from
the Qur'an and the placement of the groom's
fingerprint on the forehead of the bride.
Culture (belief, wedding,
marriage, burial)
Marriage
It can be a nuclear, monogamous or polygyny. Monogamous
marriages are the norm among the Maguindanao. Polygyny is
permitted by Islamic law and local tradition, and continues to be
practiced by some persons of wealth and high rank. Young people
raised in the same extended household or village are considered to
be too closely relatedregardless of blood connectionto be
married to one another. This creates local exogamy at this level.
There is a strong preference, however, for marriage between
related families, especially marriage of second cousins, so there is
a marked tendency toward kindred endogamy. There are even
some marriages between first cousins, although these are rare and
are forbidden by customary law. After marriage the couple usually
reside in the husband's community. Today the couple may form an
independent household, whereas in the past they more often
joined the man's parents in an extended household. Divorce can
and does occur, especially early in a marriage. It is usually because
of infertility, incompatibility, infidelity, or failure of the bride's
relatives to pay an agreed bride-wealth. The marriage bond is
generally strong after the birth of a child.
Culture (belief, wedding,
marriage, burial)
Burial
Once the body has been bathed, it's then wrapped in a one
piece shroud (usually white called a "kafan".)
The process is similar to the way the five daily prayers are
done, but with no bowing (Ruku) and prostating (Sujud).
Crying for the dead is allowed, but must not be expressed
through wailing, shrieking, beating one's chest and cheeks
or breaking objects. After the death of an individual, the
body is washed in order to "physically cleanse the corpse." A
cloth is placed on the remains while in the bathing process.
When burying the dead, the body should be laying sideways
with his/her face directly touching the soil while covered in
the white cloth. The deceased must be buried facing west.
The body is put into the ground without a casket.
The grave must not be sealed with cement.
An open space must be allowed so that when it rains, water
sips down to the corpse.
Manners and Customs
(dressing and food)
The Maguindanaos observe a code of conduct called
LUWARAN. Among the provisions of this code is one on
borrowing and losses. A Maguindanao is expected to
return promptly any time borrowed from another person.
Failure to do is considered as stealing. Anything who
fails to return an object has to replace it completely or
else, one Suffers punishment.
Daramoke-a-Babay
Daramoke-a-Babay is a sequel to Bantugan. It recounts the
bravery and might Bantugan. In the battles, no one equals
his courage and fighting skills.
Indarapatra at Sulayman
Kulintang music is also played at state functions, and
to accompany healing ceremonies, rituals (pagipat), and
animistic religious ceremonies. It is played informally
in the home for the enjoyment of family members.
Kulintang music was once used for communicating
long distance messages from one village or longhouse
to another. Traditionally, kulintang performers are
volunteers whose only reward is recognition and
prestige.
MUSIC