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    Wireless and Satellite Networks

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    كريم عمار الله
    dasar telekomunikasi

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    Wireless and Satellite Networks

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    كريم عمار الله
    21 views37 pages
    dasar telekomunikasi

    Original Title

    Dastel

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    dasar telekomunikasi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views37 pages

    Wireless and Satellite Networks

    Uploaded by

    كريم عمار الله
    dasar telekomunikasi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 37

    Wireless and Satellite

    Networks

    16.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
    16-1 CELLULAR TELEPHONY

    Cellular telephony is designed to provide


    communications between two moving units, called
    mobile stations (MSs), or between one mobile unit and
    one stationary unit, often called a land unit.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    Frequency-Reuse Principle
    Transmitting
    Receiving
    Roaming
    First Generation
    Second Generation
    Third Generation
    16.2
    Figure 16.1 Cellular system

    16.3
    Figure 16.2 Frequency reuse patterns

    16.4
    Note

    AMPS is an analog cellular phone


    system using FDMA.

    16.5
    Figure 16.3 Cellular bands for AMPS

    16.6
    Figure 16.4 AMPS reverse communication band

    16.7
    Figure 16.5 Second-generation cellular phone systems

    16.8
    Figure 16.6 D-AMPS

    16.9
    Note

    D-AMPS, or IS-136, is a digital cellular


    phone system using TDMA and FDMA.

    16.10
    Figure 16.7 GSM bands

    16.11
    Figure 16.8 GSM

    16.12
    Figure 16.9 Multiframe components

    16.13
    Note

    GSM is a digital cellular phone system


    using TDMA and FDMA.

    16.14
    Figure 16.10 IS-95 forward transmission

    16.15
    Figure 16.11 IS-95 reverse transmission

    16.16
    Note

    IS-95 is a digital cellular phone system


    using CDMA/DSSS and FDMA.

    16.17
    Note

    The main goal of third-generation


    cellular telephony is to provide
    universal personal communication.

    16.18
    Figure 16.12 IMT-2000 radio interfaces

    16.19
    16-2 SATELLITE NETWORKS

    A satellite network is a combination of nodes, some of


    which are satellites, that provides communication from
    one point on the Earth to another. A node in the
    network can be a satellite, an Earth station, or an end-
    user terminal or telephone.
    Topics discussed in this section:
    Orbits
    Footprint
    Three Categories of Satellites
    GEO Satellites
    MEO Satellites
    LEO Satellites
    16.20
    Figure 16.13 Satellite orbits

    16.21
    Example 16.1

    What is the period of the Moon, according to Kepler’s


    law?

    Here C is a constant approximately equal to 1/100. The


    period is in seconds and the distance in kilometers.

    16.22
    Example 16.1 (continued)

    Solution
    The Moon is located approximately 384,000 km above the
    Earth. The radius of the Earth is 6378 km. Applying the
    formula, we get.

    16.23
    Example 16.2

    According to Kepler’s law, what is the period of a satellite


    that is located at an orbit approximately 35,786 km above
    the Earth?

    Solution
    Applying the formula, we get

    16.24
    Example 16.2 (continued)

    This means that a satellite located at 35,786 km has a


    period of 24 h, which is the same as the rotation period of
    the Earth. A satellite like this is said to be stationary to the
    Earth. The orbit, as we will see, is called a
    geosynchronous orbit.

    16.25
    Figure 16.14 Satellite categories

    16.26
    Figure 16.15 Satellite orbit altitudes

    16.27
    Table 16.1 Satellite frequency bands

    16.28
    Figure 16.16 Satellites in geostationary orbit

    16.29
    Figure 16.17 Orbits for global positioning system (GPS) satellites

    16.30
    Figure 16.18 Trilateration

    16.31
    Figure 16.19 LEO satellite system

    16.32
    Figure 16.20 Iridium constellation

    16.33
    Note

    The Iridium system has 66 satellites in


    six LEO orbits, each at an
    altitude of 750 km.

    16.34
    Note

    Iridium is designed to provide direct


    worldwide voice and data
    communication using
    handheld terminals, a service similar to
    cellular telephony but on a global scale.

    16.35
    Figure 16.20 Teledesic

    16.36
    Note

    Teledesic has 288 satellites in 12 LEO


    orbits, each at an altitude of 1350 km.

    16.37

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