Visual Basic for Applications

Information Technology Application Programming

SY 2010-2011, Section A
 Programming

What is Programming?
 formulating a set of instructions for the
computer to accomplish
 analogy of the faithful servant
 Excel-VBA Environment

What is VBA?
 using Microsoft Visual Basic commands in
various MS Office applications
Characteristics of Excel-VBA Environment
 allows creation of new applications
 involves Excel objects & controls
 permits graphical manipulation of objects
 runs commands when events are initiated
 Visual Basic Editor
Object
Drop Down

Events
Project Drop Down
Explorer
(Ctrl + R)
Legend
Reserved
Codes
Comment
Error

Properties Code
Window(F4) Window
VBA Editor Screen (Alt+F11)
 Terminologies

Procedure
 a collection of commands
 starts with SUB and ends with END SUB

Module
 collection of procedures

Project
 collection of modules in a given workbook
 Macros

Macros
 used to automatically record a procedure
involving worksheet objects
Creating & Running Macros
 to record, go to Developer – Record Macro
 to run a macro,
 define a shortcut
 click Alt + F8
 assign to a textbox/picture
 go to VBA Editor and click F5 for step-by-step run
 Macro Examples

Absolute Referencing
1. Change the format of cell A1 to
• Brown Font Color
• Font is Comic Sans, Size 16
• Cell A1 should contain ‘New Worksheet’ in bold white font
2. Insert a worksheet with the following format:
• Black Cell Background
• Yellow sheet tab color
• Font of entire sheet must be Century Gothic, Size 16
• Cell A1 should contain ‘New Worksheet’ in bold white font
 Spreadsheet Objects

Application

Workbook

Worksheet

Cells Ranges Selection

Object properties are listed in the object library

 Object Properties

Assigning Object Property Value

 ‘.’ is read as ‘of’
 Object must be referred to based on its
hierarchy
 if hierarchy is skipped, active object is
assumed
 Example:
 Workbooks(‘A’).Sheet1.Cells(1,1).Interior.FontColor = Red
 Events & Methods

Events
 actions that trigger a procedure to run
 Examples (code window events drop-down)
 Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange
 Range(A1:A5).Select
Methods
 actions done to an object
 Examples:
 Cells(1,1).Cut
 Range(A1:A5).Select
 Variables

What are variables?

 Temporary storage of data
What are the Variable Types?
Boolean True or False
Integer -32,768 to 32,767
Long -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
Single 1.401298 x 10-45 to 3.402823 x 1038
Double 4.94065645841247 x 10-324 to
1.79769313486232 x 10 308
Date 1/1/1000 to 12/31/9999
String Length of 0 to 65,535
Variant Any data Type
 Variables

Using variables
 Declare (Option Explicit)
 DIM <Variable Name> as <Variable Type>
 PUBLIC <Variable Name> as <Variable Type>
 PRIVATE <Variable Name> as <Variable Type>
 Set/Change (assigning value)
 Use/Display (picking-up value)
 Assignment Concept

Assigning Variables
 RHS becomes LHS values
 variables can have various values in different
parts of the procedure
Example 1 Example 2
Assign x y Assign x y
x=5 5 0 x = 10 10 0
y=7 5 7 y=5+x 10 15
y=x 5 5 y=y+1 10 16
x=y 5 5 x=x-y -6 16
 Assignment Concept

Exercise
Assign v w x y z
w =2 & v = 3
x =2 * w + v
z=w+v+x
z = z +z + z
y = 20 + z + x * v
y + 3= y * v * w * x
 InputBox & MsgBox

Input Device (InputBox)

 Var = inputbox <message>, <title>, <default value>

Output Device (MessageBox)

 Msgbox <message>, <button style>, <title>
 Expression & Operators

What is an Expression?
 Anything that can be written in the RHS

What is an Operator?
 Arithmetic
 Comparison
 Logical
 Arithmetic Operators

Involves Arithmetic operations

 Addition and subtraction (+, -)
 Multiplication and division (*, /)
 Negation (-)
 Exponentiation (^)
 Integer division (\)
 Modulus arithmetic (Mod)
 String Concatenation (&)
 Comparison Operators

Involves comparison of two numbers or strings

 Equality (=)
 Inequality (<>)
 Less than (<)
 Greater than (>)
 Less than or equal to (<=)
 Greater than or equal to (>=)
 Like
 Like Operator

Checks whether string/number follows a given

pattern
 Result = string like pattern
 ? - any single character
 * - Zero or more characters.
 # - Any single digit (0–9).
 [charlist] - Any single character in charlist.
 [!charlist] - Any single character not in charlist.
 case sensitive
 Logical Operators

Involves comparing expressions

 Not (Negation – invert result)
 And (Conjunction – both are true)
 Or (Disjunction – At least one is true)
 Xor (Exclusive Disjunction – Only one is true)
 Eqv (Either both are true or both are false)
 Operators

Exercise
Procedure
VarA = 1
VarB = 10
VarC = 100
ResultA = VarA > VarB
ResultA = ResultA AND (VarB MOD VarC = 10)
ResultB = NOT (ResultA XOR ResultA)
ResultC = “M” & VarA LIKE “[A-N] VarC & ?”
ResultB = “m” & VarA & VarB & VarC LIKE “*?01?*”
ResultC = (ResultC = ResultB)
 Programming Examples

Exercises
 Ask the user to input the slope, y-intercept and x-
value of a line. Output its y-value.
 Ask the user to input a number above 9. Output the
difference between the first and last digit.
 Ask the user to input a word/sentence. Output the
number of vowels in the sentence. (Most Excel
Functions can be used in VBA. Just place
‘Application.WorksheetFunction’ before the
function name)
 Programming Examples

Exercises
 Ask the user to input his birthdate. Output number of
days he/she is alive and number of days to his/her
next birthday. (Use CDate to convert to date)
 Assume that a security check in a given system is
‘1234’. The system will still allow entry even if there is a
number (not more than one) incorrectly entered. Ask
the user to give a four-digit password and output
whether he is allowed to enter or not (Boolean).
 If Statements

Programming with Conditions

 Use If… Then … Elseif… Else… EndIf
 Syntax:
If <condition> Then
<statements>
[Elseif <condition-n> Then
<elseif statements>]
[Else
<else statements>]
End If
 If Statements

YOU ’RE LATE

 Ask the user to input the time he arrives. If he comes in
after 7:30, he is considered late. Output whether he is late
or not.
 There is a 10-minute grace period for students who come
in late. If a student goes over 10 minutes, he gets 0.5
deduction in participation for every 20 minutes he comes
in late after 7:30 (round-up to nearest 20 minutes). Output
whether the student is late and the deductions if it exists.
 If the teacher arrives late for class, 10-minute grace period
starts from his time of arrival. Output: “Student on Time”,
“Student Lucky since Teacher is late”, “Student arrives
within Grace Period” or the deductions.
 Case Statements

Alternative Programming with Conditions

 Use Select Case … Case … End Case
 Syntax:
Select Case <variable to check>
Case*/ Case Is <value of variable>
<elseif statements>
[Case Else]
<else statements>
End Select
* You can use a ‘,’ or ‘to’ for several values.
* Once it satisfies one condition, it will not check other conditions
 Case Statements

Sub SelectCaseExampleNumber()
Select Case Range("A1").Value

Case 100 To 500, 700 To 1000, 1500 To 2000

Cells(2,1).Value = Cells(1,1).Value

Case Is >1000
Cells(2,1).Value = Cells(1,1).Value * 2

Case Else Range("B1").Value = 0

End Select
End Sub
 Case Statements

ME QPI
Given a QPI of an ME Student,
If 4.0, output, ‘WOW! Kwatro Kid’
If >=3.35 but not 4, output ‘Hanep. Dean’s List’
If <=1.80, output ‘Patay. Kicked out of Ateneo’
If 2.50>= but >1.80 ‘Hala. Bye Bye ME’
Otherwise output ‘Average Student’
 Iterations : For Next

Programming with Conditions

 Doing the same commands several times
 Syntax :
For <counter> = <Lower Bound> to <Upper
Bound> Step <Step Size>
<commands>
Next (counter)

* You can exit the for statement anytime with ‘Exit For’.
 Iterations : For Next

Sub ForNextSample1()
Dim RowCtr as Integer
For RowCtr = 1 To 5
Cells(RowCtr, 1) = RowCtr
Cells(11 - RowCtr, 1) = 11 - RowCtr
Next RowCtr
End Sub
Sub ForNextMultiplicationTable()
Dim RowCtr , ColCtr as Integer
For RowCtr = 1 To 10
For ColCtr = 1 To 10
Cells(RowCtr, ColCtr) = RowCtr * ColCtr
Next ColCtr
Next RowCtr
End Sub
 Iterations : Do Loop

Alternative Programming with Iterations

 Doing the same commands for several times
 Syntax :
Do [While/Until <condition>] …
<do statements>
Loop [While/Until <condition>]

* You can exit the for statement anytime with ‘Exit Do’.
 Iterations : Do Loop

Sub DoLoopWhile()
Dim x As Integer
x = InputBox("Enter month number")
Do While x < 1 Or x > 12
x = InputBox("Enter month from 1-12 only")
Loop
End Sub
Sub DoLoopUntil()
Dim x As Integer
x = InputBox("Enter month number")
Do Until x >= 1 AND x <= 12
x = InputBox("Enter month from 1-12 only")
Loop
End Sub
 Arrays

Arrays
 Virtual representation of filing cabinet
 Declaring several variables in just one statement.
Static Arrays
 DIM <ARRAYNAME>(<SIZE>) as Variable Type
 Examples
 DIM NAME(4) as String
 DIM MOMCHILD(10,4) as String
 2D variable, store several dimensions
 Static Arrays

Player Names
 Ask the user for the names of four players.
Output all their names in a messagebox.
Student Grades
 Ask the user for the name of three students
and their grades for three long tests. Output
all the grades of each student and his
average grade. One messagebox per
student.
 Dynamic Arrays

Dynamic Arrays
 Arrays that can be resized anytime in the
program
 Syntax: dim <array name()> as data type
 Redim <array name(array size)> as data type
 Resizes the array and deletes all the values
in it.
 Redim preserve <array name(array size)> as
data type
 Preserve resizes the array but preserves the
values in it.
 User-Defined Functions

Custom Formula
 Create own function through VBA
 Formula can be used in Excel
 Syntax:
Function <Function Name> <Arguments> as
<Data Type>

Commands

End Function
 User-Defined Functions

Function Prime(Number as Integer) As Boolean

Dim i As Integer, countfactors As Integer
countfactors = 0
For i = 1 To Number
If Number Mod i = 0 Then
countfactors = countfactors + 1
End If
Next i
If countfactors > 2 Then
Prime = False
Else
Prime = True
End If
End Function
 User-Defined Functions

Function NumPos (Num as Integer, Optional OddEven = 1 as Integer) As Integer

Dim CurrPos As Integer
If OddEven = 1 then
StartPos =1
Else
StartPos = 2
End If

For CurrPos = StartPos To Len(CStr(Num)) Step 2

NumPos = NumPos & Mid(Num, CurrPos,1)
Next CurrPos

End Function
 User-Defined Functions

Function Arrange(NRge As Range) As Boolean

Dim RowCtr As Integer, ColCtr As Integer
Arrange = True

For RowCtr = 1 To NRge.Rows.Count - 1

If NRge.Cells(RowCtr, 1) > NRge.Cells(RowCtr + 1, 1) Then
Arrange = False
Exit For
End If
Next RowCtr

End Function