Developing a session plan

By the end of this session, you will have an understanding of

 Developing a session plan

Learning objectives

By the end of this session, you will have an understanding of

Objective 1 the components of a WASH programme

Objective 2 the link between WASH and other sectors

Objective 3 WASH related diseases

Objective 4 Sphere standards for WASH

Developing a session plan

Objective 1 The components of a WASH programme

Water supply
Water
Quality control

Excreta disposal

Vector control
WASH Sanitation
Solid waste management

Drainage

Hygiene promotion
Hygiene
Monitoring and PHAST

... WASH for schools, WASH for health centres, capacity building of
national and local partners
Objective 1 Developing a session plan
The components of a WASH programme

Water
Water supply
Sources
Treatment
Storage
Transport
Distribution

Quality control
Monitoring and testing

IRIN Global, 2011

Objective 1 Developing a session plan
The components of a WASH programme

Sanitation
CAST (Community Approach to Total
Sanitation)
Assessment, planning, implementation,
monitoring & evaluation
Excreta disposal (emergency
sanitation)
Vector control
Garbage collection
Incineration of medical waste
Disposal of cadavers
Waste water disposal and drainage

All images from IRIN Global, 2011

Objective 1 Developing a session plan

The components of a WASH programme

Hygiene
Hygiene Promotion
Safe use and storage of water
Hand-washing at key times
Safe disposal of faeces
Appropriate use and maintenance of latrines
Control of flies and other vectors
(waste disposal, drainage)
Food hygiene, personal hygiene

IRIN Global, 2011

Objective 2 Developing a session plan

The link between WASH and other sectors

Behavioural indicators for a WASH programme

% of the population uses safe water for drinking

Environment free from all fecal matter
% of the population wash their hands with soap
Women are enabled to deal with menstrual hygiene issues in
privacy and with dignity
All sectors of the community are enabled to practice the targeted
hygiene behaviors

USAID (2010) Access and Behavioral Outcome Indicators for WASH

Objective 2 Developing a session plan
The link between WASH and other sectors

WASH and health

CHERG 2010

I3E 2009

Fewtrell 2005

Esrey 1990

0 10 20 30 40 50
Esrey 1990 Fewtrell 2005 I3E 2009 CHERG 2010
% reduction in diarrhoea morbidity in
36 32 34 36
children under 5

Sanitation % reduction in diarrhoea morbidity in children

under 5 – outcomes of various meta-analyses
Objective 2 Developing a session plan

The link between WASH and other sectors

WASH and education

Annual number of
Intervention attained schooldays gained
[millions]
Water MDG 79
Sanitation MDG 193
Water and Sanitation MDG 272

Universal Improved Water and Sanitation 443

Universal Improved Water and Sanitation

1431
plus Point of Use Water Treatment

Everyone has access to a regulated piped

water supply & sewage connection in their 1863
house

Poor water and sanitation has a bearing on school attendance

(Source: WHO 2004)
Objective 2 Developing a session plan

The link between WASH and other sectors

WASH and nutrition

The synergistic interaction of intestinal infections, malnutrition, and

others. Source: WHO 2007
Objective 2 Developing a session plan
The link between WASH and other sectors

WASH and gender

Water and Sanitation activities by sex and age,

(Ambore, Pakistan), 2010
Objective 2 Developing a session plan
The link between WASH and other sectors

WASH and CCCM

CAMP SET UP
undertakes technical liaison with authorities and host
population
assess sites with respect to water access, drainage,
sanitation
identify appropriate WASH standards and disseminate
standards to CCCM and others
CARE & MAINTENANCE :
monitor the use of standards and support CCCM with
technical analysis of WASH information
to ensure access to clean water and basic hygienic
standards at sites
Objective 2 Developing a session plan

The link between WASH and other sectors

WASH and CCCM

CLOSURE
To ensure proper sanitation in clean up
To work on water and sanitation issues during
development phase
Monitor water levels and safety as well as sanitation
standards
Ensure appropriate dissemination of information
Supervise service providers and assess water /sewage
facilities
Ensure even and appropriate distribution of supplies
 Developing a session plan

CCCM Access to safe water , Monitor Water levels, Safety and

sanitation standards
WATER SANITATION & HYGIENE

Appropriate information dissemination

EARLY Infrastructure, capacity building, waste removal, hygiene

RECOVERY promotion, well construction

SHELTER
Community participation in locating basic provisions

Toilets for disabled / elderly & women

PROTECTION Ensuring facilities in a way that the residents are not

subjected to any additional risk
Objective 3 Developing a session plan

WASH related diseases

Water related diseases

Classification of water-related infections

Waterborne Water-washed
Water-based Water-related
(or water-scarce)

Water contaminated Caused by poor Caused by parasites Caused by insect

by faeces or urine personal hygiene or living in intermediate vectors, especially
containing eye contact with organisms living in mosquitoes, that
pathogenic bacteria contaminated water water breed in water
or virus
Scabies, lice, Worms and other Malaria, dengue fever,
Cholera, typhoid, trachoma and tick- parasites - yellow fever
dysentery and other borne diseases schistosomiasis,
diarrhoeal diseases leptospirosis,
helminths
Objective 3 Developing a session plan

WASH related diseases

Sanitation related diseases: F-Diagram (parasite pathways)

Hands

Flies

Faeces Food New host Faeces

Fields
Water and sanitation related
diseases are mostly
transmitted by pathogens via
faecal-oral routes.
Fluids

Adapted from WELL (1998), DFID guidance manual on water supply and sanitation programmes
Objective 3 Developing a session plan

WASH related diseases

Sanitation related diseases: F-Diagram (Barriers to transmission)

Fluids Safe water barrier

Water in sufficient Toilet barrier

quantity and quality
Field/
floors
Feces of Feces of
Prevent fecal pathogens infected infected
person person
(diseases) from entering Foods

human environment Flies

Hand-washing at key
times Fingers

Hygiene & hand

washing barriers
Vector control
Water 1st International (2010) Disease Barrier Diagram
Objective 3 Developing a session plan

WASH related diseases

Sanitation related diseases: transmission chain

Diarrhoea

Exposure to Greater
disease malnutrition

Decreased
immunity
Objective 4 Developing a session plan

Sphere Guidelines for WASH

Humanitarian Humanitarian Core standards
charter charter

Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion (WASH)

WASH Hygiene Water Excreta Vector Solid waste Drainage

management
promotion supply disposal control

Standard 1 Standard 1 Standard 1 Standard 1 Standard 1 Standard 1 Standard 1

WASH Hygiene Access and Environment Individual Collection Drainage
programme promotion water free from and family and disposal work
design and implementation quantity human protection
implementation faeces

Standard 2 Standard 2 Standard 2 Standard 2

Identification Water Appropriate Physical,
and use of quality and environmental
hygiene adequate and chemical
items toilet facilitias protection
measures

Standard 3 Standard 3
Water Chemical
facilities Control
safety
Developing a session plan

Movie time!

Dancing in the loo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAQIJaNP0LM
Winner of the Golden Poo Awards 2009
Sponsored by Poop Creative; www.poopcreative.org
Developing a session plan

Further reading

Minimum standards in water supply,

sanitation and hygiene promotion
The Sphere Project, 2011
Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
Cluster Coordination Handbook
Global WASH Cluster, RedR UK, 2009
Water and sanitation in emergencies:
good practice review 1
Overseas Development Institute, 1994
Evidence base: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions
UNICEF, 2010
UNICEF WASH strategy 2006-2015
UNICEF, 2005