1 Hazardous Materials Awareness

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
AWARENESS
1
LOGISTICS
 INTRODUCTIONS
 REGISTRATION/PAPERWORK
 CLASS RULES
2
OBJECTIVES
 Define “Hazardous Materials”
 Discuss Emergency Response Training Levels
 Identify the Nine (9) Hazard Classes Defined by
the DOT
 Identify the Hazards Associated with each DOT
Class
 Identify Standard Occupancies Where
Hazardous Materials may be Used and Stored
3
OBJECTIVES
 Identify Container Shapes Associated
with Hazardous Materials
 Identify Both Facility-and Transportation-
Related Markings and Warning Signs
 Explain the Use of the NFPA 704 Marking
System
 Discuss the Use of Resources Available
for Identification of Hazardous Materials
4
OBJECTIVES
 Discuss Various Types of Incident Management
Techniques
 Describe the Use of Zones as it applies to
Hazardous Material Incidents
 Discuss Chemical and Physical Properties of
Hazardous Materials
 Discuss Approach Methods to a Suspected
HAZMAT Incident
 Discuss Criminal and Terrorist Activities
pertaining to HAZMAT Incidents
 Discuss Personal Protective Equipment
5
PLEASE NOTE: Local emergency
response plans, S.O.G.’s, and
notification procedures vary to some
degree within different organizations.
Therefore, it is recommended that local
OES coordinate with responders in
their respective jurisdictions to address
these items.
6
Why Study Hazmat Awareness?
Introduction to Hazardous Materials
 Hazardous materials are used in or

transported through every community
 Required by OSHA 1910.120
 Prevent unnecessary and potentially

dangerous exposures to hazardous
materials
Hazmat vs. Standard Responses
Introduction to Hazardous Materials
 Hazmat responders require special

training
 Hazardous materials pose an

unreasonable risk of long-term effects to
people, property and the environment
 Most hazmat incidents are more complex

than standard emergencies
WHAT IS A “HAZARDOUS
MATERIAL”?
 DOT-”Any substance or material in any form or quantity
that poses an unreasonable risk to safety, health, or
property when transported in commerce.”
 EPA-”A chemical released into the environment that
could be potentially harmful to the public’s health or
welfare.”
 OSHA-”Those chemicals that would be a risk to
employees if exposed in the workplace.”
 WORKING DEFINITION-”Any substance that can hurt or
harm living organisms or the environment when it
escapes it’s containment system.”
9
EMERGENCY RESPONDER
TRAINING LEVELS-HAZMAT
 AWARENESS
 OPERATIONS
 TECHNICIAN
 SPECIALIST
 INCIDENT COMMANDER
10
Awareness-Level
Responsibilities
Awareness-level first responders are expected

to recognize the presence of hazardous
materials, protect themselves and others,
request appropriately trained personnel, and
secure the area.
Detecting Hazardous Materials
OBJECTIVE
Given different facility or transportation situations,

awareness-level first responders shall be able to
identify those situations where hazardous materials
are present.
Informal Detection Methods
OBJECTIVES
Awareness-Level Responders Will Be Able to:
 Identify typical locations where
hazardous materials are manufactured,
transported, stored, used, or disposed of
 Describe the methods and limitations of

using human senses to detect hazardous
materials
Transportation
 Roadways
 Railways
 Waterways
 Pipelines
 Airways
Fixed Facilities
 Large manufacturing or
storage plants
 Service stations
 Doctors’ offices
 Hardware stores
 Dry cleaners
 Paint supply stores
Fixed Facilities
 Docks or piers
 Airplane hangers
 Railroad stations
 Truck terminals
Using Your Senses
 Sight
 Liquids pooling on the floor/ground
 Chemical reactions taking place
 Vapor cloud or fire
 Injured persons in the area
 Condensation lines on pressurized tanks
 Corrosive reactions taking place
 Boiling of unheated substances
Using Your Senses
 Sounds
 Hissing from pressurized materials being
released
 Banging or creaking from overstressed
containers
 Odors
 Smell of a gas leak
 Burning materials
Limitations of Senses
 Looking at the product  Smelling the product

too closely
Limitations of Senses
 Touching the product  Tasting the product

Facility and Transportation
OBJECTIVES
Markings
 Identify the following hazmat markings:
 UN/NA ID numbers
 Special situation markings
 NFPA 704 marking system
 DOT placards
 Military hazmat markings
 Special hazard communications
 Pipeline markings
 Container markings
Facility and Transportation
OBJECTIVES
Markings
 Identify and describe the colors, numbers,
and special symbols of the NFPA 704
marking system
 Identify and describe the information

represented by a DOT placard’s colors,
numbers, and symbols
UN/NA Identification Numbers
Facility and Transportation Markings
 Two-Part System
 Part I: Divides hazardous materials into nine

hazard classes
 Part II: Assigns a four-digit number to

specific materials for identification
purposes
 UN Hazard Classes
1 Explosives
2 Gases
3 Flammable Liquids
4 Flammable Solids
5 Oxidizers
6 Poisons and Infectious Substances
7 Radioactive Substances
 UN Hazard Classes
 8 Corrosives
 9 Hazardous materials not otherwise

classified
 ORM-D Other regulated materials

Four Digit UN/NA

Identification Numbers
DOT Placards
Hazard Class
Hazard Designation
Class Or
Symbol
Four-digit
Identification
Number
Colored United Nations

Background Hazard Class
Number
Special Situation Transportation Markings
 Marine Pollutant
 Displayed on bulk
shipping packages
containing materials
designated as
marine pollutants
 Elevated Temperature
Materials
 Bulk containers must be
marked on each side
and each end with the
word “HOT”
 Inhalation Hazard
 Used on materials considered to be
hazardous when inhaled
 Commodity Markings (Stencils)

 Tank cars transporting the following materials
must have the name of the commodity
marked on both sides of the tank:
 Anhydrous ammonia
 Ammonia solutions containing more than 50%
ammonia
 Flammable gases (Division 2.1)
 Poison gases (Division 2.3)
NFPA 704 System
Fire
Hazard
4 Reactivity
2 3
Health
Hazard
W Special
Precautions
NFPA 704 System – Health
Hazards
Extreme: Highly Toxic
 Short-term exposure may be fatal
 Special protective equipment required
Serious: Toxic
 Avoid inhalation or skin contact
NFPA 704 System – Health
Hazards
Moderate: Moderately Toxic
 May be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through
the skin
Slight: Slightly Toxic

 May cause slight irritation
Minimal
 All chemicals have some degree of toxicity
NFPA 704 System –
Flammability Hazards
Extreme: Extremely flammable gas or liquid
 Flash Point below 73°F
Serious: Flammable
 Flash Point 73°F to 100°F
Moderate: Combustible
 Requires moderate heating to ignite
 Flash Point 100°F to 200°F
NFPA 704 System –
Flammability Hazards
Slight: Slightly Combustible
 Requires strong heating to ignite
Minimal:
 Will not burn under normal conditions
NFPA 704 System – Reactivity
Hazards
Extreme
 Explosive at room temperature
Serious
 May explode if shocked or heated under
confinement or mixed with water
NFPA 704 System – Reactivity
Hazards
Moderate
 Unstable, may react with water
Slight
 May react if heated or mixed with water
Minimal
 Normally stable, does not react with water
NFPA 704 System – Special
Precautions
Water Reactive Corrosive
Oxidizer Radioactive
Military Markings
 Used by US military installations and

transport vehicles
 Identifies detonation, fire, and special

hazards
 Military ordinance is designed to create

bodily harm and property damage
Military Markings - Explosives
 1 – Mass Detonation
Hazard
 2 – Explosive with
Fragmentation
Hazard
Military Markings - Explosives
 3 – Mass Fire
Hazard
 4 – Moderate Fire
Hazard
Military Markings - Chemical
 Highly Toxic
 Harassing Agents
 White
Phosphorus
Munitions
 Apply No Water
 Wear Protective
Breathing
Apparatus
DOT Hazard Classes and
OBJECTIVES
Divisions
 Identify U.S. and Canadian placards
that indicate the presence of hazardous
materials
 Identify the DOT hazard classes and

divisions assigned to hazardous
materials
DOT Hazard Classes and
OBJECTIVES
Divisions
 List common examples of substances in
each DOT hazard class and division
 Identify the primary hazards associated

with each of the DOT hazard classes
and divisions
Hazmat Classification
DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions
 Hazardous materials are classified

according to their primary danger
 Assigned standardized colors and
symbols
 A material grouped in one class may
have other hazards associated with it
 Only the primary hazard is required to
be placarded
Class 1 - Explosives
 1.1 Mass Detonation

Hazard
 Black powder, TNT,
Dynamite, Blasting caps
 1.2 Projection Hazard

 Detonating cord, Aerial
flares
 1.3 Predominantly a
Fire Hazard
 Propellant explosives,
Liquid-fuel rocket motors
 1.4 No Significant Blast

Hazard
 Practice ammunition,
Signal cartridges
 1.5 Very Insensitive

Blasting Agents
 Prilled (pelleted)
ammonium nitrate
fertilizer, blasting agents
 1.6 Extremely Insensitive

Detonating Articles
 Fertilizer-fuel oil mixtures
Class 2 - Gases
 2.1 Flammable
 Acetylene, Hydrogen,
Methane, Propane
 2.2 Non-Flammable
 Carbon dioxide,
Anhydrous ammonia
Class 2 - Gases
 2.3 Poisonous Gas

 Phosgene, Chlorine,
Cyanide gas, Arsine,
Methyl bromide
 2.4 Corrosive Gases

(Canada Only)
 Anhydrous ammonia
Class 2 - Gases
 Oxygen Placard
 Categorized as an
oxidizer
Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
 Flammable
Liquids
 Gasoline,
Kerosene,
Acetone
 Combustible
Liquids
 Mineral oil, No. 6
fuel oil
Class 4 - Flammable Solids
 4.1 Flammable Solids

 Magnesium
 4.2 Spontaneously
Combustible
Materials
 Phosphorus
Class 4 - Flammable Solids
 4.3 Dangerous When

Wet Materials
 Calcium carbide,
Sodium hydride,
Magnesium powder
Class 5 - Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides
 5.1 Oxidizers
 Ammonium nitrate,
Calcium hypochlorite
 5.2 Organic Peroxides

 Ethyl ketone peroxide,
Peroxide
Class 6 - Toxic & Infectious
Substances
 6.1 Poisonous
 Arsenic
 6.2 Infectious
Substances
 Rabies, HIV, Hepatitis B
Class 6 - Toxic & Infectious
Substances
 Harmful to Foodstuffs
Class 7 - Radioactive
 Radioactive Materials
 Cobalt, Uranium,
Plutonium
Class 8 - Corrosive Materials
 Corrosive Materials
 Sulfuric acid,
Sodium hydroxide
Class 9 - Misc Hazardous
Materials
 Presents a hazard during transportation,
but does not meet the definition of any
other hazard class
United States
Placard
Canadian Placard
Dangerous Placard
 Used when the weight of

two or more categories
of hazardous materials
exceeds 1,001 lbs
 Identification of the
specific hazards is not
apparent
ORM-D (Other Regulated
Materials)
 A consumer commodity which presents a
limited hazard during transportation due to
form, quantity, and packaging
Placarding Requirements
 Hazmat loads over 1,001 lbs must be placarded
 Any quantity of the following hazardous materials

must be placarded:
 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Explosives
 2.3 Poison gas
 4.3 Dangerous when wet
 6.1 Poison (PGI, PIH only)
 7 Radioactive (Radioactive Yellow III)
Limitations of Placards
 Dangerous placard
 Does not inform the responder of the load’s
primary hazard
 Placards may be difficult or impossible to

see
 Human error in the placarding process

Limitations of Placards
 Minimum 1,001 lb. placarding requirement
 Unclassified materials and exemptions
 Materials are grouped by their major

hazardous characteristic and may present
other, unidentified dangers
Container Shapes
OBJECTIVES
 Identify typical container shapes that
may indicate the presence of
hazardous materials
Clues to Detect Hazardous
Materials Presence
 Occupancy/Location
 Container Shapes
 Markings/Colors
 Shipping Papers
 Senses
78
CLUE:Location/Occupancy
 Average Home has large
amount of Hazmats
 Rural Communities and
farms pose unique risks
 Industrial settings
 Roadways
 Pipelines
 Waterways
 Railways
 Air Traffic
 Businesses
79
CLUE:CONTAINER SHAPES
80
“Almost any container can have
Hazardous Materials inside.”
 Cardboard Boxes
 Bottles
 Bags
 Drums
 Cylinders
 Totes
 Bulk Tanks
81
Other Container Types
 Pipelines
 Vary in size and pressure
 Sizes can range from ½ inch to more than 6
feet
 Can originate from bulk storage facilities
 Can cross many states
82
Transportation Containers
DOT-406/MC-306 Gasoline Tank
Truck
83
Non-Pressure Tank – MC-306
Container Shapes
Spill Rail Along Top
Oval Cross Section

DOT-407/MC 307 Chemical
Hauler
85
Low Pressure Chemical Tank –
Container Shapes
MC-307
Overturn
Protection
Round or Horseshoe
Shaped Cross Section
MC 331 High Pressure
87
High Pressure Tank – MC-331
Container Shapes
Rounded
Ends
DOT-412/MC-312 Corrosive
Tanker
89
Corrosive Liquid Tank – MC-
Container Shapes
312
External Stiffening Rings Overturn
Protection
MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker
91
Cryogenic Liquid Tank – MC-338
Container Shapes
Enclosed Loading/
Unloading Valves
Tube Trailers
93
Compressed Gas Tube Trailer
Container Shapes
Steel Cylinders Banded

Protected Valves
Together
Dry Bulk Tanker
95
Dry Bulk Cargo Tank
Container Shapes
V-Shaped Unloading
Compartments
Intermodal Tank
97
Intermodal Container
Container Shapes
Non-Pressurized Railcar
99
Non-Pressure Tank Car
Container Shapes
Flat or Nearly
Flat Ends
Pressure Tank Car
Container Shapes
Protective
Housing
Rounded
Tank Ends
Cryogenic-Liquid Tank Car
Container Shapes
Note Lack of Fittings on

Top of Car
Picture courtesy of Tim Frederick

Pneumatically Unloaded Hopper
Container Shapes
Car
Picture courtesy of GE Rail Services

Compressed Gas Tube Trailer
Container Shapes
Pressurized Storage Vessels
Container Shapes
Cryogenic
Liquid
Storage
Tank
High Pressure Spherical

Storage Tank
Container Shapes
Cryogenic
Liquid
Storage
Tank
High Pressure Spherical

Storage Tank
Container Shapes
High Pressure
Horizontal Tank
Atmospheric & Low Pressure
Container Shapes
Liquid Tanks
Open Floating Roof Tank

with Geodesic Dome
Dome Roof Tank

Atmospheric & Low Pressure
Container Shapes
Liquid Tanks
Horizontal Tank
Covered Floating-
Roof Tank
BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOR
EXPLOSION
110
CLUE:MARKINGS AND COLORS
 Many Hazardous Materials have Distinct
Markings and/or Colors to Distinguish
Them While Other Times There May be no
Markings at All
 Placards
 Labels
 Signs
111
LABELS
 Labels are affixed to smaller containers
and can be found in many applications
 Industrial Settings
 Shipments less that 1,000 lbs.
 Household Applications
 Military Shipments
 Agricultural Settings
112
Special Hazard
Communications (Pesticides)
 Warnings found on pesticide labels:
 Danger/Poison - Highly toxic materials
 Warning - Moderately toxic
 Caution - Relatively low toxicity
 Extremely Flammable – Flash point below 80°F

Special Hazard
Communications (Pesticides)
Pesticide Label
115
Hazardous Material Information
System Label (HMIS)
116
INDUSTRIAL SETTING LABEL
117
Pipeline Markings
 Pipelines are required to

display:
 Contents of the pipeline
 Signal word:
 Caution, Warning, Danger
 Operator of the pipeline

 Emergency contact
telephone number
PIPELINE MARKINGS
119
Other Considerations…
 Some difficulties that can be encountered
while trying to identify HAZMATS:
 Weather
 Mis-labeling of containers
 Damage to containers
 Terrain may obscure markings/containers
 Emergency plans at facilities may be outdated
or not present.
120
EXERCISE
 Hazmat Present?
 If Yes, What clues
were used?
RESA V PST 121

SDS and Shipping Papers
OBJECTIVES
 Identify basic information on safety data sheets
(SDS) and shipping papers that indicates the
presence of hazardous materials
 Describe where an SDS can be found
 Identify the entries on SDS and shipping papers

that indicate hazardous materials
OBJECTIVES
 Identify the shipping papers that
correspond to each mode of
transportation
 Identify where the shipping papers can

be located for each mode of
transportation
 Identify the party responsible for the

shipping papers
CLUE: Shipping Papers
 Shipping papers will assist in Identification
of a hazmat. Shipping paper location will
vary depending on Transportation Type.
 Highway-Bill of Lading [Cab of Truck]
 Railways-Waybill [Engine or with Conductor]
 STCC
 49xxxxx Very Possible Hazmat
 Air Transport-AirBill [Cockpit]
 Shipping-Dangerous Cargo Manifest (DCM)
[Wheelhouse]
125
Basic Shipping Paper Information
 Shipper’s name and address
 Receiver’s name and address
 List of shipped material(s)
 Proper shipping name of the material
 Emergency response telephone number

Shipping Papers
 Indications of a hazardous material

 First-listed order of hazardous materials on
the shipping papers
 “X” in the HM column indicating hazardous

materials
 Material’s hazard class
 UN/NA ID number
Shipping Papers
 Hazardous materials are listed on

shipping papers as follows:
“Gasoline, 3, UN1203, PGII, 2000lbs

Shipping
Material
Name UN ID Packing
Hazard Quantity
Number Group
Class
Assignment
Shipping Papers
Indicates a
Hazardous
Material
Shipping Paper Locations
Title of Location of
Mode of Responsible
Shipping Shipping
Transportation Person(s)
Papers Papers
Cab of
Highway Bill of Lading Driver
Vehicle
Engine or
Rail Waybill Conductor
Caboose
Dangerous Cargo Bridge or Captain or

Water
Manifest Pilot House Master
Air Air Bill Cockpit Pilot

NEVER Attempt to retrieve
shipping papers before
ascertaining the magnitude of
any possible release of the
material.
131
CLUE: SENSES
SMELL
HIGH
TASTE
TOUCH RISK
HEARING
LOW
SIGHT
132
EXERCISE
 HAZMAT Present?
 Clues used?
133
RESOURCES
 Chemical information is available through
a variety of resources
 Knowing what information is available and
how to access this information is valuable
 Common resource tools
 North American Emergency Response Guide
 Safety Data Sheets
 CHEMTREC
 Computer Programs
134
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
GUIDEBOOK
The North American Emergency
Guidebook is now available for
download on the PHMSA
website.
The link
is: http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfile
s/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Fil
es/Hazmat/ERG2012.pdf.
NAERG
 Widely Available
 Contains Information to be used during the
beginning stages of a Hazmat Incident
 Is Not a “Do All, Solve All” Reference book
 Is a good “starting point” for Identifying a
Hazmat
136
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
OBJECTIVES
 Identify three methods for determining the
proper guide page for a hazardous
material
 Identify the two general types of hazards
in each guide
 Given the name, UN/NA ID number, or
type placard, use the ERG to identify:
 Fire, explosion and health hazards
RESA V PST 138
Using the Guidebook
Emergency Response Guidebook
 Developed by the Dept. of

Transportation
 Outlines hazard information as well as

initial actions to be taken at hazmat
incidents
 Consists of five color-coded sections

Using the Guidebook
 Three methods for determining the proper

guide page for a hazardous material:
 UN/NA ID number
 Name of material
 Placard type
Identification by UN/NA ID Number
Yellow Section
 Lists the UN/NA ID numbers in

numerical order
 Use when the product’s UN/NA ID

number is known
Yellow Section
 Contains the following information:
 Proper shipping name
 Guide number assigned to the product

Highlighted chemicals are

a poison or inhalation
poison risk
The referenced guide

number can be found in
the orange section
Identification by Material Name
Blue Section
 Lists material names in alphabetical order
 Use when the product’s name is known
 Always double check spelling

Blue Section
 UN/NA ID number
 Guide number assigned to the material

Highlighted chemicals
are a poison or inhalation
poison risk
The referenced guide

number can be found in
the orange section
Identification by Placard
White Section
 Table of placards
 Found in the front of ERG
 Match the placard on the vehicle to one in

the table and reference the guide number
NAERG (Contents)
 Table of Placards
(page 16 & 17)
 To be used if UN/NA
number not available
 Use until further info
becomes available
148
Initial Action Guides
Orange Section
 Identifies the most significant hazards
 Informs first responders of initial actions

to be taken to protect from immediate
hazards
 Use when the entry in the yellow or blue

section is NOT highlighted
Orange Section
 Health and fire/explosion hazards
 Protective clothing and evacuation

information
 Fire, spill or leak and first aid information

Orange Section
 Two general types of hazards are

found in each guide
 Health
 Fire/explosion
 The hazard listed first represents the

more serious danger
Initial Action Guides – Page One
Two General Types

of Hazards Found in
Each Guide
Protective Action
Information
Initial Action Guides – Page
Emergency Response Guidebook Two
Emergency
Action
Information
Initial Isolation & Protective-Action Distances
Green Section
 Use for the highlighted entries in the

yellow and blue sections
 Designed for materials that present a

toxic by inhalation hazard
Initial Isolation & Protective-Action Distances
Listed in
order of
UN/NA ID
number
NAERG Green Border Pages
 Table of Initial Isolation and Protective
Action Distances
 1st-Have All People Move Cross-wind
Away from the Spill the Specified Distance
 2nd-Initiate Protective Action the Specified
Distance Downwind
156
NAERG 2012 (Contents)
 Railcar and Highway Container ID Charts
(Pages 8 & 9)
 Identification Codes for Intermodal Containers
(Pages 10-13)
 Table of Water Reactive Chemicals (Pages 344-
351) Also Green Bordered
 Criminal/Terrorist use of Biological Agents
(Pages 368-373)
 Glossary of common terms
 Emergency Response Phone Numbers
157
EXERCISE: NAERG
UN # 1305 A.Name Of Chemical?

B.Guide Number?
C. Special Concerns?
D. Fire or Health a
greater potential
hazard?
158
SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS)
 SDS Required by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120
 Employers need to create SDS’s, Hazard
Communications Plans, Conduct Employee
Training, and Label All Chemical Containers
 SDS Designed to Protect Employees
 Information Quality Varies
 SDS Usually Provides Good Technical
Information
159
Safety Data Sheet
 The Occupational Safety & Health

Administration (OSHA) specifies the
required information
 Required by federal hazard-

communications laws
 Best source of information about a

hazardous material
SDS Basic Information
 Chemical name and family

 Manufacturer’s name and location
 Hazardous ingredients
 Physical data
 Fire and explosion data
 Health-hazard data
SDS Basic Information
 Spill or leak procedures

 Special protection information
 Special precautions
 Section II of an SDS contains the

information which indicates the presence
of a hazardous material
RESA V PST 163
RESA V PST 164
RESA V PST 165
Safety Data Sheet
 First responders can obtain an SDS from:

 The facility’s hazard-communications plan
 Facility manager/employer
 Manufacturer of the material
 Central location at the facility
 Supplier
FACILITY DOCUMENTS
 Facilities with Chemicals Above Consumer
Quantities Should have SDS on Site
 Facilities with EHS (Extremely Hazardous
Substances) Should have an Emergency
Plan in Place
 Facility Should Provide Fire Departments
with SDS’s
167
Additional Information Resources
OBJECTIVES
 Identify the services provided by

CHEMTREC
 List the information needed by

CHEMTREC to assist in the identification
process
CHEMTREC’s Purpose
 Chemical Transportation Emergency

Center
 Provided as a public service by the

chemical manufacturers association
 Assists emergency personnel responding

to hazardous materials incidents
Information Needed by CHEMTREC
 Caller’s name and a call-back number
 Incident location
 Material, shipper and manufacturer’s

name
 Container or vehicle type

Information Needed by CHEMTREC
 Carrier’s name
 Consignee (material destination)
 Weather conditions
 Actions already taken

Contacting CHEMTREC
 Emergency Contact – 1-800-424-9300

 Available 24 hours a day
 7 days a week
 Non-Emergency – 1-800-262-8200
 Weekdays 9:00 am - 6:00 pm EST
COMPUTER RESOURCES
 CAMEO / ALOHA / MARPLOT
 Hazardous Materials Information
Exchange (HMIX)
 Many Other Specialty Programs Available
174
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
 Variety of Reference Materials are
Available
 More Than One Reference Source Should
be on Response Apparatus
175
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
 “Know Your Limitations”-Be Prepared to
Call for Help
 Mutual Aid Groups
 Industrials Facilities may be able to Provide
Technical Assistance
 State/Federal Response Agencies
176
Scene Safety
OBJECTIVES
 Identify the precautions that first
responders should take to protect
themselves and others from hazardous
materials
 Describe the precautions to take when

treating victims at a hazmat incident
Scene Safety
OBJECTIVES
 Identify potential ignition sources that can
be found at a hazmat incident
 Identify and describe the routes of entry
for human exposure to hazardous
materials
 List the ways hazardous materials can be
harmful to people, the environment, and
property
Safety Considerations
Scene Safety
 Avoid contact with the product
 Attempt to identify the product from a safe

distance
 Approach from the uphill/upwind side

Safety Considerations
Scene Safety
 If present, can the mist, dust, smoke or

vapor cloud spread?
 Always weigh the risks vs. benefits in any

response
 Know the signs/symptoms of product

exposure
Potential Ignition Sources
Scene Safety
 Lighting Equipment
 Chemical Reactions
 Electric Motors and Controllers
 Open Flames
Potential Ignition Sources
Scene Safety
 Cutting or Welding Operations

 Smoking Materials
 Portable Heating Equipment
 Radios, Flashlights, PASS
Devices
Hazmat Exposure Routes of Entry
Scene Safety
 Inhalation
 Breathing materials in through the nose
or mouth
 Ingestion
 Placing contaminated substances in the
mouth
Hazmat Exposure Routes of Entry
Scene Safety
 Injection
 A puncture or a needle stick from
contaminated materials
 Absorption
 Entry through the skin or eyes
Hazard Classes and Possible
Scene Safety
Routes of Entry
 Explosives (Class 1)
 Inhalation, absorption
 Gases (Class 2)
 Inhalation, absorption
 Flammable Liquids (Class 3)

 Inhalation, ingestion, and absorption
Scene Safety
Routes of Entry
 Flammable Solids (Class 4)
 Oxidizers (Class 5)
 Toxic/Infectious Substances (Class 6)

 Inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and
injection
Scene Safety
Routes of Entry
 Radioactive Materials (Class 7)
 Inhalation, ingestion, absorption
 Corrosives (Class 8)
 Inhalation, ingestion, absorption
 Miscellaneous (Class 9)
 Inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and
injection
Types of Exposures to
Scene Safety
Hazardous Materials
 Acute
 An immediate exposure such as a single
dose occurring during a response to a
hazmat incident
 Chronic
 Low exposures which are repeated over an
extended period of time
Hazardous Materials Management
Systems
 D.E.C.I.D.E. Process
 Detect Hazardous Material Presence
 Estimate Likely Harm Without Intervention
 Choose Response Objectives
 Identify Action Options
 “Doing” The Best Option
 Evaluate Progress
190
“ It must be remembered that ICS
must be used at a Hazardous
Materials Incident. The
preceeding management
technique is intended to help the
IC achieve a favorable outcome.”
191
Establishment of Zones
 “Always approach
from uphill, upwind if
at all possible.”
 Awareness Level
Responders operate
in COLD Zone only
192
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
 States of Matter  Chemical Reactivity
 Vapor Pressure  Flashpoint
 Vapor Density  Auto Ignition
 Specific Gravity Temperature
 Corrosivity  Flammable Range
 Toxic Products of
Combustion
193
States of Matter
194
VAPOR PRESSURE
The pressure a
vapor exerts upon
the sides of a
closed container
195
VAPOR DENSITY
Vapor Density less Vapor Density

than 1 will Rise Greater than 1
Will Sink 196
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
197
APPROACHING A SUSPECTED
HAZMAT INCIDENT…
“ALWAYS APPROACH FROM
UPHILL AND UPWIND
WHENEVER POSSIBLE”
“If the incident is determined to
be hazardous, ISOLATE the
area and DENY entry to the
scene.”
198
Protective Measures
(General Public)
 Two General Protective Measures can be
Taken to Protect the General Public,
Evacuation and Shelter-in-Place.
 Evacuation-To be used when it is possible
to move people in an efficient manner.
 Shelter-in-Place-When it is not possible to
move people. Ex.: Hospitals
199
Terrorism and Hazardous
OBJECTIVES
Materials
 List locations which may be targeted
for criminal or terrorist acts
 List indications of possible criminal or
terrorist acts involving biological or
chemical agents
 Describe necessary actions for
suspected criminal or terrorist
incidents
Potential Criminal & Terrorist
Terrorism & Hazardous Materials
Targets
 Public and
government buildings
 Mass transit systems
 Public assembly areas
 Locations with
historical or symbolic
significance
 Locations of high
economic impact
Chemical vs. Biological
Incidents
 Chemical Incidents
 Characterized by a rapid onset of medical
symptoms (minutes to hours)
 The following indicators may be observed:

 Colored residue
 Dead foliage
 Pungent odors
 Dead animal and plant life
Chemical vs. Biological
Incidents
 Biological Incidents
 Onset of symptoms usually takes days to
weeks
 Typically there are no indicators found

because biological agents are generally
colorless and odorless
 Migration of infected individuals increases

the size of the affected area
Indicators of Chemical Agents
 Unexplained vapor clouds, mists or

plumes
 Abnormal number of sick or dead birds,

animals, and/or fish
 Hazardous materials or lab equipment

in the area of contamination which is not
normally located there
 Multiple individuals experiencing

unexplained skin, eye, or airway irritation
 Unexplained odors/tastes not normal to

the area
 Surfaces with unexplained oily

droplets/film
 Multiple individuals with unexplained

health problems such as:
 Nausea and vomiting
 Twitching, convulsions or disorientation
 Sweating
 Pinpoint pupils or runny nose
 Tightness in chest, difficulty breathing
 Death
Indicators of Biological Agents
 Multiple casualties with similar symptoms

reported by health care agencies
 Unscheduled or unusual spraying

occurring, especially at night
 Abandoned spray devices

Indicators of Biological Agents
 Unusual increase in the number of sick

or dying people or animals
 Time for symptoms to appear is dependent

on the agent
 Generally days to weeks

Actions to Be Taken at Terrorist
Incidents
 Protect yourself and other responders
 Relay any suspicious or criminal activity

to dispatch upon arrival on scene
 Isolate potentially exposed people
 Document initial on-scene observations

Actions to Be Taken at Terrorist
Incidents
 Establish control zones and control
access to the scene
 Take actions to preserve possible

evidence
 Watch for booby traps and/or explosive

devices
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
 LEVEL A-(HIGHEST LEVEL) Totally
encapsulating Garment with SCBA
 LEVEL B-Garment and SCBA worn to
provide splash protection where vapor
protective clothing is not required
 LEVEL C-Same garment as Level B but
with a lower level of Respiratory Protection
 LEVEL D-Requires no Respiratory
Protection and minimal Skin Protection
212
Setting Perimeters
 Should Start UPHILL and UPWIND
 Should be a Safe Distance According to the Size of
Incident
 Eliminate Possible Ignition Sources
 Highway Flares
 Open Flames
 Cutting and Welding Operations
 Static Friction
 Radiant Heat
 Sparks
 Deny Entry to Unauthorized People
 Use Scene Tape, Other Marking Devices
 Use Police, Other Responders
213
EMS Considerations…
 When there are victim(s) present, resist
the urge to rush in
 If victim(s) have been exposed to the
chemical, decontamination should take
place before treatment takes place
 Try to have victim(s) stay in one place if
possible until decontamination takes place
 Victim(s) will definitely need to be
decontaminated prior to transport
214
Decision Tree…
HAZMAT
IDENTIFY
PRESENT?
EVALUATE NOTIFY
RESTRICT
ACCESS
215
SUMMARY
 Hazardous Materials are everywhere
 Recognition and identification are key
items to determine a plan of action
 “Know your limitations.”
 Protect yourself
 Stay Safe
216
217
THANK-YOU
“LET’S BE SAFE OUT THERE.”
218

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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

 Hazardous materials are used in or

 Required by OSHA 1910.120

 Prevent unnecessary and potentially

 Hazmat responders require special

 Hazardous materials pose an

 Most hazmat incidents are more complex

Awareness-level first responders are expected

Given different facility or transportation situations,

 Describe the methods and limitations of

 Looking at the product  Smelling the product

 Touching the product  Tasting the product

 Identify and describe the information

 Part I: Divides hazardous materials into nine

 Part II: Assigns a four-digit number to

 9 Hazardous materials not otherwise

 ORM-D Other regulated materials

Four Digit UN/NA

Colored United Nations

 Commodity Markings (Stencils)

Slight: Slightly Toxic

Water Reactive Corrosive

 Used by US military installations and

 Identifies detonation, fire, and special

 Military ordinance is designed to create

 Identify the DOT hazard classes and

 Identify the primary hazards associated

 Hazardous materials are classified

 1.1 Mass Detonation

 1.2 Projection Hazard

 1.4 No Significant Blast

 1.5 Very Insensitive

 1.6 Extremely Insensitive

 2.3 Poisonous Gas

 2.4 Corrosive Gases

 4.1 Flammable Solids

 4.3 Dangerous When

 5.2 Organic Peroxides

 Used when the weight of

 Hazmat loads over 1,001 lbs must be placarded

 Any quantity of the following hazardous materials

 Placards may be difficult or impossible to

 Human error in the placarding process

 Minimum 1,001 lb. placarding requirement

 Unclassified materials and exemptions

 Materials are grouped by their major

Spill Rail Along Top

Oval Cross Section

Steel Cylinders Banded

Note Lack of Fittings on

Picture courtesy of Tim Frederick

Picture courtesy of GE Rail Services

High Pressure Spherical

High Pressure Spherical

Open Floating Roof Tank

Dome Roof Tank

 Danger/Poison - Highly toxic materials

 Warning - Moderately toxic

 Caution - Relatively low toxicity