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    Plant and Animal Tissues

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    Doods Galdo
    This document discusses the organization of plant and animal tissues. It describes the four main types of tissues in animals - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers. Connective tissue provides structure and binds other tissues together. Muscle tissue allows for movement. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body through electrical signaling. The document also outlines the major tissue types in plants including meristematic, simple and complex tissues that make up different plant structures.

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    Plant and Animal Tissues

    Uploaded by

    Doods Galdo
    521 views27 pages
    This document discusses the organization of plant and animal tissues. It describes the four main types of tissues in animals - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers. Connective tissue provides structure and binds other tissues together. Muscle tissue allows for movement. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body through electrical signaling. The document also outlines the major tissue types in plants including meristematic, simple and complex tissues that make up different plant structures.

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    This document discusses the organization of plant and animal tissues. It describes the four main types of tissues in animals - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers. Connective tissue provides structure and binds other tissues together. Muscle tissue allows for movement. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body through electrical signaling. The document also outlines the major tissue types in plants including meristematic, simple and complex tissues that make up different plant structures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    521 views27 pages

    Plant and Animal Tissues

    Uploaded by

    Doods Galdo
    This document discusses the organization of plant and animal tissues. It describes the four main types of tissues in animals - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers. Connective tissue provides structure and binds other tissues together. Muscle tissue allows for movement. Nervous tissue controls and coordinates the body through electrical signaling. The document also outlines the major tissue types in plants including meristematic, simple and complex tissues that make up different plant structures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    HIGHER LEVEL CELL

    ORGANIZATION AND
    TISSUE
    SPECIALIZATION

    Plant and Animal


    Tissues
    PLANT TISSUES

    Meristems

    Simple Tissues

    Complex Tissues
    ORGANIZATION OF THE PLANT
    TISSUES
    MERISTEMATIC TISSUES –
    LOCALIZED REGIONS OF CELL
    DIVISION
     Apical Meristems
     Primary or Transitional Meristem  Primary
    growth
     Protoderm  gives rise to epidermis
     Ground meristem  gives rise to ground tissue
    o
     Procambium  gives rise to 1 vascular tissue
     Lateral Meristems
    o
     Vascularcambium  2 vascular tissue
     Cork cambium or phellogen  periderm
     Intercalary Meristems (found in the nodes
    of grasses)
    SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM
    ROOT APICAL MERISTEM
    1. Root cap
    initials
    2. Protoderm
    3. Ground
    meristem
    4. Procambium
    5. Root cap
    LATERAL MERISTEMS –
    SECONDARY GROWTH IN WOODY
    PLANTS
    INTERCALARY MERISTEMS IN
    GRASSES
    SIMPLE TISSUES – CONSISTING OF
    ONE CELL TYPE
     Parenchyma – thin walled & alive at
    maturity; often multifaceted.
     Collenchyma – thick walled & alive at

    maturity
     Sclerenchyma – thick walled and dead at

    maturity
     Sclerids or stone cells – cells as long as they are
    wide
     Fibers – cells longer than they are wide
     Epidermis – alive at maturity
     Trichomes – “pubescence” or hairs on epidermis
     Root Hairs – tubular extensions of epidermal cells
    PARENCHYMA
    COLLENCHYMA
    SCLERENCHYMA
    EPIDERMIS – STOMA, TRICHOMES,
    & ROOT HAIRS
    COMPLEX TISSUE
     Xylem – water conducting tissue; parenchyma,
    fibers, vessels and/or tracheids, and ray cells.
     Phloem food conducting tissue; sieve-tube
    members (no nucleus at maturity, cytoplasm
    present), companion cells, fibers, parenchyma,
    and ray cells.  In flowering plants, sieve-tube
    members and companion cells arise from the
    same mother cell. 
     Periderm – protective covering; composed of
    cork and parenchyma.
     Secretory structures – responsible for making
    latex, resins, nectar and other substances
    produced and stored in channels inside the plant
    body.
    XYLEM
    PHLOEM
    VASCULAR BUNDLES WITH XYLEM
    & PHLOEM

    Alfalfa – vein in cross section


    Maize or Corn – vein in cross section
    PERIDERM – CORK & PARENCHYMA

    TWIG WITH LENTICELS


    SECRETORY STRUCTURES
     nectar (flowers) from nectaries
     oils (peanuts, oranges, citrus) from
    accumulation of glands and elaioplasts.
     resins (conifers) from resin canals
     lacticifers (e.g., latex - milkweed, rubber
    plants, opium poppy)
     hydathodes (openings for secretion of water)
     digestive glands of carnivorous plants
    (enzymes)
     salt glands that shed salt (especial in plants
    adapted to environments laden with salt).
    FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL
    TISSUES
    EPITHELIAL TISSUE
    (COVERING)
     Tightly-joined closely-packed cells
     One side of epithelium exposed to air or
    internal fluid, other side attached to a
    basement membrane, a dense mat of
    extracellular matrix (connective tissue)
     Covers the outside of the body and lines
    the internal organs and cavities
     Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive
    microorganisms, and fluid loss
     Provides surface for absorption, excretion
    and transport of molecules
    TYPES OF
    EPITHELIAL
    TISSUE
     Cell shape
     Squamous
     Cuboidal
     Columnar
     Number of cell
    layers
     Simple
     Pseudostratified
     Columnar
     RELATE
    STRUCTURE TO
    FUNCTION!
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE
    (FRAMEWORK)
     Main function:
    binding and support
    other tissues
     Large amount of
    extra-cellular matrix
    with fewer cells
     Connective tissue
    cells secrete the
    extra-cellular matrix
     Extracellular matrix
    consists of network of
    fibers in liquid, jelly-
    like or solid matrix
     Composed of long cells
    MUSCLE TISSUE called muscle fibers
    (MOVEMENT)  Contraction  movement
    NERVOUS TISSUE
    (CONTROL)
     Senses stimuli and
    transmits signals
    called nerve
    impulses from one
    part of an animal
    to another Axon
     Consists of a cell
    body and long
    extensions called Dendrite
    dendrites (towards
    cell body) and
    axons (towards Cell body
    another cell or an
    effector)
    Tissue Type Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve

    Cell Shape Flattened, cuboidal, Irregular or round Elongated Cell appendages


    columnar branched

    Cell Arrangement Single  Scattered in matrix In sheets or bundles Isolated or


    multilayered networked

    Location Body covering or Supports other Lining internal Concentrated in


    lining organs or organs organs, make brain and spinal
    cavities skeletal muscles cord + all over the
    body
    Surface Feature of Cilia, microvilli - - -
    Cells

    Matrix Type Basement Varied – protein - -


    membrane fibers + liquid,
    gelatinous, firm to
    calcified
    Matrix Amount Minimal Extensive Absent Absent

    Unique Feature No direct blood Cartilage has no Can generate Can generate
    supply, except for blood supply electrical signals, electrical signal
    glands force and
    movement

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