Adc Seminar

PARALLEL INTERFACE
.
What is a parallel communication?
Interfacing?
Computer Interfacing means connecting different
devices to the computer and being able to control
or read the status of these devices.
There are many ways to achieve computer

interfacing.
(1) Interfacing by making your own computer
interface card.
(2) Interfacing via the existing ports in your
computers.
Parallel interface
• A parallel interface refers to a multiline
channel, each line capable of transmitting
several bits of data simultaneously.
• The bits must stay in synchronization as they
cross the wires, so the parallel interfaces are
limited in distance.
• Transfers data between two devices 8 or more
bits at a time.
This is how parallel interface looks
How does it works?
With a parallel interface instead of having one wire carrying
data, we have several wires. Because of that we can transfer
data not one bit at a time but several bits at a time. On parallel
interfaces we have 8 data transmission wires, so the parallel
interface can transfer a single byte at once.
Pin Structure of parallel interface
8 output pins accessed via the DATA Port

(pins 1 to 9)
 5 input pins (one inverted) accessed via
the STATUS Port (pins 10, 11, 12, 13, 15)
 4 output pins (three inverted) accessed
via the CONTROL Port (pins 1, 14, 16, 17)
The remaining 8 pins are ground (pins 18
to 25)
PIN PURPOSE
Pin 1 -Strobe
Pin 2 +Data Bit 0
Pin 3 +Data Bit 1
Pin 4 +Data Bit 2
Pin 5 +Data Bit 3
Pin 6 +Data Bit 4
Pin 7 +Data Bit 5
Pin 8 +Data Bit 6
Pin 9 +Data Bit 7
Pin 10 -Acknowledge
Pin 11 +Busy
Pin 12 +Paper End
Pin 13 +Select
Pin 14 -Auto Feed
Pin 15 -Error
Pin 16 -Initialize Printer
Pin 17 -Select Input
Pin 18 -Data Bit 0 Return (GND)

FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PINS
Below is an explanation of each of the above purposes.
Pin1 - Data acknowledgement when the signal is low.
Pin 2 - 9 - Data transfer pins.
Pin 10 - Acknowledge that the data has finished processing and when the signal is
high indicates ready for more.
Pin 11 - When the signal goes high indicate that the printer has accepted the data
and is processing it. Once this signal goes low and Pin 10 goes high will accept
additional data.
Pin 12 - Printer paper jam when signal is high or no signal if printer jam.
Pin 13 - When high signal printer is indicating that it is on-line and ready to print.
Pin 14 - When low signal PC has indicated that the printer inset a line feed after
each line.
Pin 15 - Printer sends data to the computer telling it that an error has occurred.
Pin 16 - When low signal PC has requested that the printer initiate an internal
reset.
Pin 17 - When low signal the PC has selected the printer and should in return
prepare for data being sent.
Pin 18 - 25 - Ground.
Working of a parallel interface
Comparison between parallel and
serial interface
Types of parallel cables
IBM PRINTER CABLE:
Printers were common parallel devices. There are two
common types of parallel cables. The first is an IBM Printer
cable which is a uni-directional cable with a 25-pin male DB25
connector at one end and a 36-conductor male Centronics
connector at the other end.
IEEE 1284 CABLE
• The second cable is IEEE 1284, which is a newer, bi-directional
cable. Connectors used are similar to the IBM printer cable, but
with different connector genders possible.
• The maximum specified length of IEEE 1284 is 10 meters (30 feet),
and data can be transferred at up to 2 MB/s. This cable is more
commonly used. It also specifies a daisy chaining standard that
allows up to eight devices to be connected to a single parallel port.
IEEE 1284 Standard parallel ports
The IEEE 1284 standard specified five modes of
operations, each specifying a direction of data flow.
• Nibble Mode: This allowed data transfer back to the computer.
• Byte Mode: This allows data to be sent back to the computer at the same
speed that data is sent from the computer to the printer or other device.
• ECP Mode: This stands for “enhanced capability port” and allows
bidirectional data flow for printers and scanners.
• EPP Mode: This uses data cycles to quickly transfer data in both directions
at speeds of 500 kilobytes to 2 megabytes per second.
• Compatibility mode or "Centronics Mode" as it is commonly known, can
only send data in the forward direction at a typical speed of 50 kbytes per
second but can be as high as 150+ kbytes a second. In order to receive data,
you must change the mode to either Nibble or Byte mode.
Applications
Why parallel interface?
• The advantage of a parallel interface over a serial
interface is speed. In theory it should be eight
times faster then a serial interface because we
can use eight data wires at a time.
• With a parallel interface we use 8 wires to
transfer data. Parallel interface is faster than
serial interface.
• On a PC, the parallel interface is frequently called
‘printer port’ & was initially for a centronics
printer.
Why serial interface is preferred to
parallel interface?
DISADVANTAGES:
 Generally, parallel needs eight wires, one for
each bit of the data so that whole 8 bits are
send at the similar time. Serial needs only
wire & each of eight bits is send one at a time.
 problem with parallel interfaces is signal jitter.
To reduce signal jitter we decrease the length
of the cable.
 Used only for shorter communication.
Other than printers?
Parallel interfaces are usually associated with printer connections,
but several technologies implement parallel interfaces, including
• HIPPI (High-Performance Parallel Interface) HIPPI is a high-
performance parallel interface that is used in data centers and
supercomputer applications.
• SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) SCSI is a parallel interface

for disk storage devices that is characterized by 50-pin or 68-pin
connectors.
• OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDM is a

multicarrier modulation (MCM) scheme in which many parallel data
streams are transmitted at the same time over a channel with each
transmitting only a small part of the total data rate.
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PARALLEL INTERFACE

There are many ways to achieve computer

8 output pins accessed via the DATA Port

Pin 2 +Data Bit 0

Pin 3 +Data Bit 1

Pin 4 +Data Bit 2

Pin 5 +Data Bit 3

Pin 6 +Data Bit 4

Pin 7 +Data Bit 5

Pin 8 +Data Bit 6

Pin 9 +Data Bit 7

Pin 12 +Paper End

Pin 14 -Auto Feed

Pin 16 -Initialize Printer

Pin 17 -Select Input

Pin 18 -Data Bit 0 Return (GND)

Pin 19 -Data Bit 1 Return (GND)

Pin 20 -Data Bit 2 Return (GND)

Pin 21 -Data Bit 3 Return (GND)

Pin 22 -Data Bit 4 Return (GND)

Pin 23 -Data Bit 5 Return (GND)

Pin 24 -Data Bit 6 Return (GND)

Pin 25 -Data Bit 7 Return (GND)

• SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) SCSI is a parallel interface

• OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDM is a

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