Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 13 views

    Hypertension and Blood Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Krista Gutierrez
    The document discusses hypertension and blood pressure, defining normal and high blood pressure levels and outlining risk factors, potential health effects, lifestyle changes, and medications that can be used to control high blood pressure. It also provides recommendations for home blood pressure monitoring and emphasizes the importance of regular measurement and medication adherence for managing hypertension.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hypertension and Blood Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Krista Gutierrez
    13 views25 pages
    The document discusses hypertension and blood pressure, defining normal and high blood pressure levels and outlining risk factors, potential health effects, lifestyle changes, and medications that can be used to control high blood pressure. It also provides recommendations for home blood pressure monitoring and emphasizes the importance of regular measurement and medication adherence for managing hypertension.

    Original Title

    2 Hypertension

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses hypertension and blood pressure, defining normal and high blood pressure levels and outlining risk factors, potential health effects, lifestyle changes, and medications that can be used to control high blood pressure. It also provides recommendations for home blood pressure monitoring and emphasizes the importance of regular measurement and medication adherence for managing hypertension.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    13 views25 pages

    Hypertension and Blood Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Krista Gutierrez
    The document discusses hypertension and blood pressure, defining normal and high blood pressure levels and outlining risk factors, potential health effects, lifestyle changes, and medications that can be used to control high blood pressure. It also provides recommendations for home blood pressure monitoring and emphasizes the importance of regular measurement and medication adherence for managing hypertension.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Hypertension

    And
    Blood Pressure
    Hypertension
    • What is Blood Pressure?
    – Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood
    through the arteries and the circulatory system
    • What do Blood Pressure Numbers
    Mean?
    – Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is
    beating
    – Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while heart
    is resting between beats
    Hypertension

    • Normal Blood Pressure


    – Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90
    – Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should
    be closely watched
    • High Blood Pressure
    – Blood Pressure > 140/ 90
    Hypertension

    • How can I tell if I have High


    Blood Pressure?
    – Usually NO SYMPTOMS!
    – “The Silent Killer”
    – May have:
    • Headache
    • Blurry vision
    • Chest Pain
    • Frequent urination at night
    Hypertension

    • Blood Pressure Measurement


    – Sphygmomanometer
    – Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st sound is
    heard
    – “Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound
    is heard
    • Blood Pressure Cuff Size
    – Small – children and small adults
    – Average
    – Large – overweight and large adults
    Recommended Blood Pressure Levels

    BP Systolic Diastolic Follow-up


    Category (mmHg) (mmHg)
    Optimal < 120 and < 80 Recheck
    2 years
    Normal < 130 and < 85 Recheck 2
    years

    High 130-139 or 85-89 Recheck 1


    Normal year
    Recommended Blood Pressure Levels

    Systolic
    BP Diastolic
    Follow-up
    Category (mmHg)
    (mmHg)
    Stage 1
    Confirm within
    (mild HTN) 140-159 or 90-99
    months

    Stage 2
    Evaluate within
    (moderate 160-179 or 100-109
    1 month
    HTN)
    Stage 3 Evaluate
    180 or > or 110 or >
    (severe HTN) immediately
    Hypertension

    • What Causes High Blood


    Pressure?
    – Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases =
    Primary Hypertension
    – Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10%
    • Kidney Abnormalities
    • Narrowing of certain arteries
    • Rare tumors
    • Adrenal gland abnormalities
    • Pregnancy
    Hypertension

    • What Causes High Blood


    Pressure?
    – Controllable Risk Factors
    • Increased salt intake
    • Obesity
    • Alcohol
    • Stress
    • Lack of exercise
    Hypertension

    • What Causes High Blood


    Pressure?
    – Uncontrollable Risk Factors
    • Heredity
    • Age
    – Men between age 35 and 50
    – Women after menopause
    • Race
    – 1 out of every 3 African Americans
    – Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and
    Mexican Americans
    Hypertension

    • Women and High Blood Pressure


    – Birth Control Pill
    – Pregnancy
    – Overweight
    – After Menopause
    – African Americans
    Hypertension

    • How does High Blood Pressure


    develop?
    – Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to
    become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract)
    – If vessels wide open blood flows easily
    – If vessel narrows pressure inside
    increases causing hypertension
    Hypertension

    • What does High Blood Pressure do


    to my Body?
    – Stroke
    – Congestive heart failure
    – Kidney failure
    – Heart attack
    – Heart rhythm problems
    – Aneurysm
    Hypertension

    • What Can I Do?


    – High blood pressure is a lifelong
    disease
    – Blood pressure can be controlled not
    cured
    – Controlling blood pressure will reduce
    the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart
    failure and kidney disease
    Hypertension

    • What Can I Do?


    – Loose weight if your overweight
    – Get regular physical activity
    – Avoid excessive alcohol
    – Stop smoking
    – Manage your stress
    Hypertension

    • What Can I Do?


    – Decrease salt intake
    – Eat for heart health
    – Discuss the use of oral contraceptives
    with your doctor
    – Discuss the use of some medications
    with your doctor
    Hypertension

    • Ten Commandments for Blood


    Pressure Control
    1– Know your blood pressure
    • Have it checked regularly
    2– Know what your weight should be
    • Keep it at that level or below
    3– Don’t use excessive salt in cooking or
    at meals
    • Avoid salty foods
    Hypertension

    • Ten Commandments for Blood


    Pressure Control
    4– Eat a low-fat diet

    5
    – Don’t smoke cigarettes
    • Or use tobacco products
    6–
    Take your medicine exactly as
    prescribed
    • Don’t run out of pills even for a single day
    Hypertension

    • Ten Commandments for Blood


    Pressure Control
    7– Keep your appointments with the doctor

    8– Follow your doctors advice about


    exercise
    9– Make certain family members have their
    blood pressure checked regularly
    10
    – Live a normal life in every other way!
    Hypertension

    • Medication for High Blood


    Pressure
    – Diuretics
    • Rid the body of excess fluids and salt
    – Beta-blockers
    • Reduce the heart rate and the work of the
    heart
    – Calcium antagonists
    • Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels
    Hypertension

    • Medication for High Blood


    Pressure
    – Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)
    • Interfere with the bodies production of
    angiotensin, a chemical that causes the
    arteries to constrict (narrow)
    – Vasodialators
    • Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood
    vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to
    dialate (widen)
    Hypertension

    • Medication for High Blood


    Pressure
    – Sympathetic nerve inhibitors
    • Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all
    parts of the body, including the arteries
    • Cause arteries to constrict raising blood
    pressure
    • These drugs reduce blood pressure by
    inhibiting these nerves from constricting
    blood vessels
    Hypertension

    • Home Blood Pressure


    Monitoring
    – Mercury sphygmomanometer
    • Standard for BP monitoring
    • No calibration
    • May be bulky
    • Need a second person to use machine
    • May be difficult for hearing impaired or
    patients with arthritis
    Hypertension

    • Home Blood Pressure


    Monitoring
    – Aneroid equipment
    • Inexpensive, lightweight and portable
    • Two person operation/need stethoscope
    • Delicate mechanism, easily damaged
    • Needs calibration with mercury
    sphygmomanometer
    Hypertension

    • Home Blood Pressure


    Monitoring
    – Automatic equipment
    • Contained in one unit
    • Portable with easy-to-read digital display
    • Expensive, fragile
    • Must be calibrated
    • Requires careful cuff placement

    You might also like