Booting Power Point Presentation

Prepared By : HARSH PATEL
 In computing, booting (also known as "booting up")

is a bootstrapping process that starts
operating systems when the user turns on a
computer system.
 A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that

the computer performs when power is switched on.
 The boot loader typically loads the main

operating system for the computer.
The computer word boot is short for 'bootstrap' .
In computers in the 1950s, pressing a bootstrap

button caused a hardwired program to read a
bootstrap program.
Thebootstrap concept was used in the IBM 701

computer (1952-1956) .
 The small program that starts this sequence of loading into
RAM, is known as a bootstrap loader, bootstrap or boot
loader.
 This small boot loader program's only job is to load other

data and programs which are then executed from RAM.
 In BOOT process first POST takes place.
 Commonly, the Booting process has 12 Working steps for

various operating Systems(This procedure may differ
slightly for Mac, UNIX, OS/2, or other operating systems.)
 The small program that starts this sequence of loading into
RAM, is known as a bootstrap loader, bootstrap or boot
loader.
 Second-stage boot loader: GRUB, BOOTMGR, LILO

or NTLDR
 Network booting: Most computers are also capable of

booting over a computer network. In this scenario, the
operating system is stored on the disk of a server, and certain
parts of it are transferred to the client using a simple protocol
such as the Trivial File Transfer Protocol
 The boot device is the device from which the operating
system is loaded.
 A modern PC BIOS supports booting from various

devices, typically a local hard disk drive ,an
optical disc drive, a USB device , or a network interface
card (using PXE).
 Older, less common bootable devices include

floppy disk drives, SCSI devices, Zip drives, and LS-120
drives.
 Other kinds of Boot sequences: Some modern CPUs
and microcontrollers may have boot ROM with boot code
integrated directly into their silicon, so they could perform quite
sophisticated boot sequence on its own and load boot programs
from various sources like NAND flash, SD or MMC card.
 It is also possible to take control over a system by using a
hardware debug interface such as JTAG
 Most digital signal processors have the following boot
modes:
 Serial mode boot
 Parallel mode boot
 In IBM mainframe systems, the boot process is known as
IPL (Initial Program Load).
 The term was coined by IBM for the design of the
System/360 and continues to be used in those
environments today
 In systems that share the System/360 heritage—and in
some that have been inspired by it, including smaller
systems such as the IBM 1130—IPL is a hardware
function, not a program run on the system itself.
 Hard Reboot : A hard reboot (also known as a cold reboot, cold
boot or cold start) is when power to a computer is cycled (turned off and
then on) or a special reset signal to the processor is triggered. This
restarts the computer without first performing any shut-down procedure
 Soft reboot :A soft reboot (also known as a warm reboot) is

restarting a computer under software control, without removing
power or (directly) triggering a reset line.
 Random reboot :Random reboot is a non-technical term referring

to an unintended (and often undesired) reboot for which the cause is not
immediately evident to the user. Such reboots may occur due to a
multitude of software and hardware problems, such as triple faults.
 Power-on self-test (POST) is the common term
for a computer.
 It is the first step of the more general process
called BOOTING.
 Systems Power-on self-test (POST) refers to the
testing sequence that occurs when a system is
first powered on.
 Test the power supply to ensure that it is turned on
 CPU must exit the reset status mode to be able to
execute instructions
 BIOS & CMOS checksum must be valid, meaning
that it must be readable.
 CPU must be able to read all forms of memory
 The first 64KB of memory must be operational and
have the capability to be read and write.
 I/O bus / controller must be accessible and able to
write / read from the video subsystem
 The principal duties of the main BIOS during POST are as
follows:
 verify the integrity of the BIOS code itself
 find, size, and verify system main memory
 discover, initialize, and catalog all system buses and devices
 pass control to other specialized BIOS (if and when required)
 provide a user interface for system's configuration
 identify, organize, and select which devices are available for
booting
 construct whatever system environment that is required by the
target OS
 Original IBM POST beep codes
 POST AMI BIOS beep codes
 POST beep codes on A+ Hardware Core exam
 IBM POST diagnostic code descriptions

 Apple's Macintosh computers also perform a POST
after a cold boot. In the event of a fatal error, the
Mac will not make its startup chime.
 Old World Macs (until 1998)
 New World Macs (1998-1999)
 New World Macs (1999 onward) and Intel-based

Macs
 POST Sequence of Amiga
 Sequence for all main Amiga models
 Amiga Color Screens Scheme
 16.4 - Correct Tests Color Sequence Scheme
 Failed Tests Color Scheme
 Amiga Keyboard LED error signals
Thank You

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Prepared By : HARSH PATEL

 In computing, booting (also known as "booting up")

 A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that

 The boot loader typically loads the main

In computers in the 1950s, pressing a bootstrap

Thebootstrap concept was used in the IBM 701

 This small boot loader program's only job is to load other

 In BOOT process first POST takes place.

 Commonly, the Booting process has 12 Working steps for

 Second-stage boot loader: GRUB, BOOTMGR, LILO

 Network booting: Most computers are also capable of

 A modern PC BIOS supports booting from various

 Older, less common bootable devices include

 Soft reboot :A soft reboot (also known as a warm reboot) is

 Random reboot :Random reboot is a non-technical term referring

 POST AMI BIOS beep codes

 POST beep codes on A+ Hardware Core exam

 IBM POST diagnostic code descriptions

 Old World Macs (until 1998)

 New World Macs (1998-1999)

 New World Macs (1999 onward) and Intel-based

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