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Spring: Ali Attamimi Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI

This document discusses the design of helical springs. It explains that spring deflection is the basis for spring design, while strength analysis is used for checking. Various types of springs are shown such as compression, tension, and torsion springs. Design considerations for helical compression springs are provided, including preferred spring index range and number of active coils. Formulas for determining spring properties such as shear stress and critical length are presented. Material properties for common spring wire materials are tabulated, including modulus and tensile strength. Example problems are given to design a helical spring based on given load, dimensions, stiffness, and material properties.

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Komeng Komeng
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62 views

Spring: Ali Attamimi Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI

This document discusses the design of helical springs. It explains that spring deflection is the basis for spring design, while strength analysis is used for checking. Various types of springs are shown such as compression, tension, and torsion springs. Design considerations for helical compression springs are provided, including preferred spring index range and number of active coils. Formulas for determining spring properties such as shear stress and critical length are presented. Material properties for common spring wire materials are tabulated, including modulus and tensile strength. Example problems are given to design a helical spring based on given load, dimensions, stiffness, and material properties.

Uploaded by

Komeng Komeng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring

Ali Attamimi
Jurusan Teknik Mesin FTI
Ali Attamimi
Apa perbedaan mendesain pegas dengan elemen mesin yang lain?

 Umumnya elemen mesin didesain atas dasar kekuatan, lalu analisa de-
fleksi digunakan sebagai checking apakah desain yang dibuat
reasonable atau tidak.

 Sebaliknya untuk pegas, analisa defleksi adalah dasar desainnya,


sedang-kan analisa kekuatan digunakan sebagai checking saja.

Ali Attamimi
Pegas Heliks Tarik & Tekan

Pegas Heliks Torsi

Ali Attamimi
Pegas Torsi Spiral

Pegas Daun

Pegas Karet
Ali Attamimi
Ali Attamimi
Pegas: Perbandingan Pegas Heliks

Pegas: Perbandingan Pegas Torsi

Ali Attamimi
Ali Attamimi
Ali Attamimi
Ali Attamimi
Ali Attamimi
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Ali Attamimi
Deflection of Helical Spring
Using Castigliano’s theorem

T 2l F 2l
U 
2GJ 2 AG
4 F 2 D 3 N 2 F 2 DN
U 4

d G d 2G
U 8 FD 3 N 4 FDN 8 FD 3 N
y   2 
F 4
dG d G d 4G
F d 4G
k 
y 8D 3 N
Ali Attamimi
Ali Attamimi
Type of Spring Ends
Term Plain Plain and Squared or Squared and
Ground Closed Ground
End coils, Ne 0 1 2 2
Total coils, Nt Na Na + 1 Na + 2 Na + 2
Free length, Lo pNa + d p(Na + 1) pNa +3d pNa +2d
Solid length, Ls d(Nt + 1) dNt d(Nt + 1) dNt
Pitch, p (Lo –d)/Na Lo/(Na + 1) (Lo-3d)/Na (Lo-2d)/Na
Ali Attamimi
Helical Compression Springs for Static Service

The preferred range of the spring index is 4  C  12

The range of active turns is 3  N a  15

Lo  Ls
The fractional overrun   1  0.15
Lo  L1

S Sy
Factor of safety ns   1.2

Spring Materials

Some useful hints;


D 1
Prehardened wire should not be used if 4 or d  in.
d 4

Winding of the spring induces residual stresses.


The tensile strength of the spring wires depend on their diameter by
the relation
A
Sut  m
d
This equation is valid only for materials listed in the next slide table.
Helical Compression Springs for Static Service

The torsional yield strength


Ssy = 0.45 Sut for music wire and cold-drawn carbon steels
Ssy = 0.50 Sut for OQ&T plain carbon and low-alloy steel
Ssy = 0.35 Sut for stainless austenitic steel and nonferrous alloys
Ssy = 0.65 Sut for all above, but with set removal

8Fs D
Shear stress to closure  s  K B as wound
d 3
8Fs D
 s  Ks set removed
d 3

Lo  Lo cr 
2.63D
Critical length

Relative
ASTM Diameter A Diameter A
Material m cost of
No. in kpsi·inm mm MPa·mmm
wire
Music wire A228 0.145 0.004-0.256 201 0.10-6.5 2211 2.6
OQ&T wire A229 0.187 0.020-0.500 147 0.5-12.7 1855 1.3
Hard-drawn wire A227 0.190 0.028-0.500 140 0.7-12.7 1783 1.0
Chrome- A232 0.168 0.032-0.437 169 0.8-11.1 2005 3.1
vanadium wire
Chrome-silicon A401 0.108 0.063-0.375 202 1.6-9.5 1974 4.0
wire
302 Stainless A313 0.146 0.013-0.10 169 0.3-2.5 1867 7.6-11
wire 0.263 0.10-0.20 128 2.5-5 2065
0.478 0.20-0.40 90 5-10 2911
Phosphor-bronze B159 0 0.004-0.022 145 0.1-0.6 1000 8.0
wire 0.028 0.022-0.075 121 0.6-2 913
0.064 0.075-0.30 110 2-7.5 932

 The torsional yield strength is needed to design the spring.


 It can be approximate in the range
0.35Sut  S SY  0.52Sut
Ali Attamimi
Latihan

•Rencanakan suatu pegas spiral (gulungan aktif, gulungan total, tinggi solid,
tinggi bebas dan material pegas) untuk menanggung beban 700 lb/spring
dimana faktor keamanan 1.5, diameter kawat 9/16 in, radius rata-rata gulungan
pegas 27/16, kekakuan pegas 2500 lb/in dan modulus geser 76.8 × 106 psi.

•Tentukan keamanan rancangan pegas spiral yang menanggung beban 700


lb/spring dimana diameter kawat 9/16 in, radius rata-rata gulungan pegas 27/16,
kekakuan pegas 2500 lb/in, modulus geser 76.8 ×106 psi dan material pegas
yang dipakai mempunyai Ssyp = 55.000 psi.

•Pilihlah material yang sesuai untuk pegas spiral yang menanggung beban 700
lb/spring dimana diameter kawat 9/16 in, radius rata-rata gulungan pegas 27/16,
kekakuan pegas 2500 lb/in dan modulus geser 76.8 × 106 psi dimana ada 2
pilihan material:
a. Ssyp = 60.000 dan angka keamanan 2
b. Ssyp = 75.000 dan angka keamanan 1.75
c. Ssyp = 80.000 dan angka keamanan 1.5

Ali Attamimi

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