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    SDH / Sonet: Monther Alsohebani Sulaiman Alrumaih

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    Ketan Sharma
    This document defines and compares SDH/SONET, PDH, and non-SDH digital signal hierarchies. It explains that SONET is the American standard and SDH is the European standard for digital optical networking. SDH was developed to address the need for flexible bandwidth and multiplexing to match increasing optical fiber cable speeds. It provides advantages like high transmission rates, simple add/drop functions, and reliability. The document also details the SDH frame structure and rates including STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and how higher rates are achieved through multiplexing.

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    SDH / Sonet: Monther Alsohebani Sulaiman Alrumaih

    Uploaded by

    Ketan Sharma
    33 views16 pages
    This document defines and compares SDH/SONET, PDH, and non-SDH digital signal hierarchies. It explains that SONET is the American standard and SDH is the European standard for digital optical networking. SDH was developed to address the need for flexible bandwidth and multiplexing to match increasing optical fiber cable speeds. It provides advantages like high transmission rates, simple add/drop functions, and reliability. The document also details the SDH frame structure and rates including STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and how higher rates are achieved through multiplexing.

    Original Description:

    SDH/SONET

    Original Title

    SDH

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    This document defines and compares SDH/SONET, PDH, and non-SDH digital signal hierarchies. It explains that SONET is the American standard and SDH is the European standard for digital optical networking. SDH was developed to address the need for flexible bandwidth and multiplexing to match increasing optical fiber cable speeds. It provides advantages like high transmission rates, simple add/drop functions, and reliability. The document also details the SDH frame structure and rates including STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and how higher rates are achieved through multiplexing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views16 pages

    SDH / Sonet: Monther Alsohebani Sulaiman Alrumaih

    Uploaded by

    Ketan Sharma
    This document defines and compares SDH/SONET, PDH, and non-SDH digital signal hierarchies. It explains that SONET is the American standard and SDH is the European standard for digital optical networking. SDH was developed to address the need for flexible bandwidth and multiplexing to match increasing optical fiber cable speeds. It provides advantages like high transmission rates, simple add/drop functions, and reliability. The document also details the SDH frame structure and rates including STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and how higher rates are achieved through multiplexing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    SDH / SONET

    Monther Alsohebani
    Sulaiman Alrumaih
    : Agenda
    .Definition of SDH/SONET-

    .Usages of SDH/SONET-

    .Advantages and specifications of SDH/SONET-

    . Methodology of SDH/SONET structure-


    :Definition
    .PDH stands for plesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy-
    .SDH stands for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy-
    .SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Network-

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    : Note-
    SONET &SDH are almost the same, but the
    SONET for American standard and SDH for
    .Europe
    ?Why SDH
    Because the requirement of multiplexing and*
    communication that matches the optical fiber
    .cable speeds

    The flexible bandwidth and ability to carry*


    many services through it like (HSPDA – Video
    – ATM ,,,,etc)
    ----------------------------------------------------------
    .ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Mode
    HSPDA: High Speed Packet Downlink Access
    Non - SDH

    Signal Digital Bit Rate channels


    E0 kbit/s 64 One 64 kbit/s

    E1 Mbit/s 2.048 E0 32

    E2 Mbit/s 8.448 E0 128

    E3 Mbit/s 34.368 E1 16

    E4 Mbit/s 139.264 64E1


    SDH

    Bit Rate SDH SDH Capacity


    Mbit/s 51.84 STM-0 E1 21
    Mbit/s 155.52 STM-1 E1 or 1 E4 63
    Mbit/s 622.08 STM-4 E1 or 4 252
    E4
    Mbit/s 2488.32 STM-16 E1 or 16 1008
    E4
    Mbit/s 9953.28 STM-64 E1 or 64 4032
    E4
    39813.12 STM-256 E1 or 256 16128
    Mbit/s E4
    :Advantages

    .High transmission rates-

    .Simple add and drop function-

    .Reliability-

    Interconnection-
    :Comments
    PDH is obsolete because the matter of -
    .standardization

    .SDH is the trend of the future-

    .SDH is standard for the whole world-


    The SDH Structure

    •The SDH signal


    transmitted as a
    serial stream of
    frames
    •All frames have the
    same structure
    Identifying the SDH Frame

     A1, A2 is framing
    bytes and located
    as shown in
    Figure
     A1,A2 bytes
    provide a
    reference for all
    bytes in frame
    SDH Rates

     Basic SDH rate = 9x270x8x8000 = 155.52


    Mbps
     Base SDH Rate called STM-1
     STM is stand for: Synchronous Transport Signal
     Higher SDH rates are achieved by
    Multiplexing
     we can speed up our truck to 622 Mbps or
    2.488 Gbps
    SDH Rates
    (continued)
    SDH Rates
    (continued)

     STM-4 = 4x STM-1= 155 x 4 = 622 Mbps


     Also STM-16= 4xSTM-4= 2.488 Gbps
     The STM-4 frame still has 9 rows but 1080
    columns
    Condition for
    Multiplexing
    1. Frame synchronization
    2. Same bit rate
    3. Same frame structure
    Finally:
    All higher rates multiplexing use same way

    Reference
    - SDH fundamentals, HEWLETT PACKARD
    Thank you

    Any Question

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