Plant Lay out

and
Facility Design
Wendosen S.

1
 Course Objectives
 Learn Plant and Facility design software

 Introducing AutoCAD

 Draw different Geometrics

 Designing Plant Layout

 Introduction to 3D Modeling
• Arrange your chair before
you leave!
Session 1
 Introduction
• Plant layout: Is the most effective physical
arrangement, either existing or in plans of
industrial facilities i.e. arrangement of
machines, processing equipment and service
departments to achieve greatest co-ordination
and efficiency of 4 M’s (Men, Materials,
Machines and Methods) in a plant.
• Facility design : Is Ensure a smooth flow of
resources such as work, material, or
information through a specific space within the
system.
 What is Auto CAD?

 It is a software
used in
Architecture,
Construction and
Manufacturing to
assist in the
preparation of
engineering plans.
 CAD - Computer-Aided
Designing
Use of computer technology
for designing and design
documentation.

 To Simulate plants,
facilities, production systems
and flow of materials.
In AUTOCAD system lines and circles are the
first two and the most important geometric
entities.
 Advantages of AutoCAD

1. Speed
2. Rich design alternatives in less time.
3. Increase Accuracy
4. Save and edit or modify designs
anytime
5. Reuse of designs etc.
Disadvantages of AutoCAD

1. Expensive $ 4,525
2. Requires training
3. Time taken to get skilled
4. Requires a computer
 Features
• Professional application

• Design of Buildings and Objects

• 2D and 3D Design enabled

• Feature –Rich

• Requires detailed understanding

Autodesk, Inc.®
The Following designs are
made with AutoCAD :
Session 2
 Elements
of
AutoCAD Display
 Start-Up AutoCAD 2013®
Start Menu- All Programs – Autodesk - AutoCAD
2013 – then Select AutoCAD 2013 English
 The AutoCAD Interface

The AutoCAD screen is divided into 6

distinct areas:
 Title bar
 Menu bar
 Toolbars
 Drawing area
 Command window
 Status bar
 Main part of AutoCAD

Title/Quick bar
Menu bar
Ribbon menu
Drawing screen
Command line
Status bar
View cube and
display cube
 Title/Quick bar

save undo
new workspace

folder Print redo

 Application Button

 Click on the top left

corner button .

 It displays commands
for printing, saving,
drawing utilities and
other non-drawing
tools.
Saving and creating security
Click on option save and open
security option create password
confirm password
open see
 Standard Menu Bar
• Consists of a series of Menu titles.

• It provides access to all AutoCAD

commands.

• Drop-down menu lists are found here.

 Pull down Menus

Contains most
commands:

• File menu
• Edit Menu
• View Menu
• Insert menu
• Format Menu etc.
 Tool Bars

To start AutoCAD commands.

 26 tool bars in AutoCAD
• Standard toolbar
• Quick access tool bar
• Object property toolbar
• Drawing tool bar
• Modify tool bar
• Docked toolbar
• Floating toolbar etc.
 Ribbon Menu
 Contains the drawing, modifying, object
property etc. tool bars.
Drawing tool
 Invisible tools
 Visible tools

Modification Tool
 Invisible tools
Visible tools
 Modify Tool Bar
 Erase
 Copy
 Mirror
 Move
 Rotate
 Scale
 Trim
 Extend
 Stretch etc.
 Drawing Area
• This is where you draw your designs.
 Elements of Drawing Area
User Coordinate System-UCS Icon Drawing Cursor or Crosshair

• To understand drawing • For selecting points or

orientation objects
• Has two arrows, pointing to • Point at which the
the right and top of the crosshairs intersect is the
drawing area. actual cursor position
• The box, called a pick box,
is used to select objects.
 Viewport Label Menus
• provide a convenient way of changing views and
visual styles. example, the text might be
• [+][T op][2D Wireframe]
 AutoCAD View Cube
To Turn the View cube off:

1. Go to Tools

2. Options

o Used to control 3D Visual

display. 3. Select the 3D Modeling
tab
o Not important in 2D
environment.
4. Remove the check mark
for "2D Wireframe visual
style"
 Command Window
• Found at the bottom of the screen, between the
drawing area and the status bar.

• When you type draw on a drawing area, you will

see the command name in here.
 Status Bar

• Displays cursor position and status of

various AutoCAD modes(Grid, Snap,
Ortho, Polar etc.)
• As you move the cursor, the
coordinates update automatically.
 Drawing aids
 Help to improve drawing accuracy
and Speed.

 Includes :
- Grid

- Snap

- Ortho

- Polar
Known as modes and are found at
- Object snap… the status bar.
You can activate modes by pressing
once, another press to deactivate.
 Grid Mode

Help to Switch ON/OFF grid lines.

Grid lines can be sets of lines or dots.
Grid line is used for only reference and
will not appear on paper during printing.
 Snap Mode
• Snaps to increments of the spacing that you
specify. (i.e. if you set it to 2 in both X,Y
direction, it will snap on 2,2:2,4:10,8 etc.)
 Constrains the cursor to regularly spaced
intervals, enabling you to draw objects at
fixed distance apart more easily.
 Helps to draw straight line horizontally,
Vertically and diagonally.
 It forces the cursor to jump from grid to
grid corners.
 Set Grid & Snap Spacing
• Right Click on Status bar area[grid display]

• [Setting]

• [Drafting setting dialog box]

• [switch on snap & grid]

• set the [snap and grid spacing]

 Orthogonal Mode/Ortho

 Forces the movement of the cursor in

- horizontal or,
- vertical directions only.
 Helps to draw straight lines at 90°.
 Polar mode
 It causes the cursor to jump to certain
angles when you draw and edit objects.
The default angle settings are multiples
of 90 degrees, but you can specify other
angle increments, such as 45 or 30
degrees.
 Helps to draw a straight line at an angle.
 Green construction line appears to notify
straight line.
 Object snap mode

You use object snaps to grab points on

existing objects — for example,
For example,
• end point,
• mid point,
• Center
• corners etc.
Starting a New drawing
 Drawing Unit Set up

• Click Pull down Menu bar

• Then Format
• Then unit
Set Parameters
 Set Drawing Limit

 Go to Menu bar
 Click Format
 And then drawing Limit
o Specify lower left corner or [On/Off]<0.00,0.00>

o Press ENTER to accept the default

coordinator<0.00,0.00>
• Specify upper right corner <12.00,9.00>

• Press ENTER to accept the default

coordinator
 Dimension Set-up
1) Dimension style:-
Format--------Dimension style
2) Line:- Format----Dimension style----New----
continue---------line set-up
3) Symbol and arrows:-
4) Text
5) FIT
6) Primary and Alternative unit
7) Tolerance
Dimension style manager
 Workspace
 A workspace is a collection  Drafting & Annotation: for a
of menus, palettes, 2D drafting environment, with
Ribbon tabs and panels optimized
toolbars, and Ribbon panels for technical drawing in two
tailored for specific tasks, dimensions.
such as 3D modeling or 2D
drafting.  3D Basics: This workspace is
designed for 3D modeling.
 AutoCAD offers different  3D Modeling: This Ribbon-
workspaces for different based workspace is
purpose. configured for a 3D modeling
 To change workspaces: environment, with navigation,
• Workspace Switching visualization, and modeling
button on the status bar tools suitable for working in
3D.
or
 AutoCAD Classic: This
• Workspace drop-down menu workspace is configured for a
on the Quick Access 2D drafting environment
Toolbar
 Working environments

There are two working environments or spaces:

Model space: Paper space:

 to create 2D drawings and  To place title block, create
3D models layout viewports to display
 draw, view, and edit your views, give dimension, and
designs. add notes.
 One unit represents the
actual distance on a paper.
 Ways to Start Command in
AutoCAD

1- Click a button in a toolbar.

2- Choose a command from a pull-down menu.
3- Type the command in the Command window.
4- Choose a command from a shortcut menu.
(Right click on free space to see short cut
menu)
 Conti…

Example:
To start LINE command:
1 - Click a LINE button in a draw toolbar.
2 - Type LINE or L in Command window and
enter
3 - Choose a command from a shortcut menu.
4 - Choose a command from a pull-down menu.
 Ways to end a command

1 – Press the Space bar on Key board or

2 – Press Enter button or

3 – Right click and click Enter

 To View all Objects

• Menu bar [View]----[Zoom]----[All]

• Now all objects

in the drawing
area will be
displayed.
 Co-ordinates Systems
 Drawings in a AutoCAD are sets of
points in what is called world
space.
 World Space – is the environment
where you draw designs.
 world space is defined using a
three-dimensional Cartesian
coordinate system, in the X, Y
and Z axes.
 The intersection of the three
coordinate axes forms a point
called the Origin.
 Changing to the 2D UCS Icon Display

o UCS icon is displayed  Click [View]

in various ways to help  [Display]
us visualize the  [UCS Icon]
orientation of the  [Properties]
drawing plane.
 Switch [2D] option

 [Ok].
W indicates UCS aligned
to world coordinate
system.
 There are 2 types of
Coordinate Systems for 2D
drawing
 Cartesian Coordinate Systems

The point can be located,

using a Cartesian coordinate
system, as X and Y units away
from the origin.
 Polar Coordinate System
In this system, points can be
located a radial distance r,
from the origin and an angle
θ between the direction of r
and the positive X axis.

Angels are measured

counter-
clockwise from the positive
X-axis.
 Absolute and Relative
Coordinate values
 Used to quickly construct objects.

 Absolute coordinate values are measured

from the origin point.

 Relative coordinate values are specified in

relation to previous coordinates.
 Defining Positions
5 methods for specifying the 3- Relative rectangular
locations of points coordinates
(Format: @X,Y):
1- Interactive method: Type the X and Y coordinates
Use the cursor to select on relative to the last point.
the screen.
4- Relative polar coordinates
2- Absolute coordinates (Format: (Format: @Distance<angle):
X,Y): Type a distance and angle
Type the X and Y coordinates to relative to the last point.
locate the point on the current
coordinate system relative to the 5- Direct Distance entry
origin. technique:
Specify a second point by first
moving the cursor to indicate
direction and then entering a
distance.
 Undo/Redo
To undo the most recent action:
1 - On the Standard toolbar, click Undo.
2 - From the Edit menu, choose Undo.
3 - At the command line, type U and press
ENTER.
4 - Press the CTRL-Z shortcut key
combination.
5 - Right-click to display the shortcut menu,
and then
choose Undo.
 PAN tool

 Used to shift the location of view.

Found in:
 Standard tool bar, then
 Pan tool.
or
- View,
- Pan tool, then
- Real-time.
Session 3
 Line
Starting Point:
 Select Line command, Specify first point: is
displayed. Type 0,0 and press the ENTER key once.

 Create a horizontal line by entering the absolute

coordinates of the second point.
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5.5,0 [ENTER]

 Create a vertical line by using the relative

rectangular coordinates entry method, : Specify
next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2.5 [ENTER]
 Create the next line by absolute coordinate
entry method Specify next point or
[Close/Undo]: 8,2.5[ENTER]

 Next use relative polar coordinates entry

method, relative to the last point we specified:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3<90
[ENTER]
(i.e. distance is 3 inches with an angle of 90°).

 Using the relative rectangular coordinates

entry method Specify next point or
[Close/Undo]:@-1.5,1 [ENTER]
 Move the cursor to the left of the last point
and use the direct distance entry technique
by entering 6.5[ENTER].

 Right-click and from the popup menu select

Close to connect back to the starting point
and end the Line command.
 Circles
6 ways of creating circles:
1. Center, Radius: Draws a circle based on a center
point and a radius.
2. Center, Diameter: Draws a circle based on a
center point and a diameter.
3. 2 Points: Draws a circle based on two endpoints
of the diameter.
4. 3 Points: Draws a circle based on three points on
the circumference.
5. TTR–Tangent, Tangent, Radius: Draws a circle
with a specified radius tangent to two objects.
6. TTT–Tangent, Tangent, Tangent: Draws a
circle tangent to three objects.
 Arcs
There are eleven ways of creating arcs:
1. 3-point
2. Start, Center, End
3. Start, Center, Angle
4. Start, Center, Length
5. Start, End, Angle
6. Start, End, Direction
7. Start, End, Radius
8. Center, Start, End
9. Center, Start, Angle
10.Center, Start, Length
11. Continue
 Polyline
 A polyline is a connected sequence of line
segments created as a single object.
 You can create straight line segments, arc
segments, or a combination of the two.
 You can :
control the width of polyline.
change and arrange the direction of the
polyline arc.
calculate area of closed polyline etc.
 Selecting objects
You can select one or more objects
individually
Use the Pick box Cursor
Command window
You can select many objects at the
same time.
 Specify a Rectangular Selection
Area
 Modifying tools
• The modify tools
• Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array,
Move, Rotate, Scale, Stretch,
Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break at
point, Break, Chamfer, Fillet, Explode
 Erase
• Select this button then a drawing
element to erase it permanently from
the drawing.
 Copy
• Copy - The copy command will copy any
selected drawing elements and
reposition where specified by the user,
without affecting the original elements.
 Mirror
Mirror - The mirror command will create a
mirror image of any selected drawing elements
along any line of symmetry specified by the
user.
 Offset
• Offset will make a copy of a line or
series of selected lines by a specified
distance in the direction specified.
 Array
• The array command quickly creates
copies of a selected object(s) to a
specified spacing..
Rectangular Array
Polar Array
 Move
• The move command works exactly the
same as the copy command described
above, except instead of creating a copy
of the selected objects, the second
objects are moved.
 Rotate
• The rotate command rotates any
selected objects about a defined point
by the angle specified. By default Auto
cad will rotate objects anticlockwise
when an angle is entered.
 Scale
• The scale command scales the size of a
selected object(s) by a defined scale
factor from a selected base point. The
selected objects can be scaled up to
increase size or down to reduce the
size.
 Lengthen

• The lengthen command

will lengthen a selected
line.
 Trim
• The trim command is an extremely
useful tool which will erase all parts of
an object beyond or within its
intersection with another object.
 Extend
• The extend command is
similar to the trim
command in how it
functions, except it
extends a selected line to
a point of intersection of
another selected object.
 Chamfer
• The chamfer command will chamfer the
intersection of two lines to a specified
distance.
 Fillet
• The fillet command is very similar to
the chamfer command above, except
instead of creating a straight line
chamfer, Autocad creates a radius
between the two points.
 Explode
• The explode command is very straight
forward. It simply breaks down an
object down to its basic line entities.
 Break at Point
• The break at point command enables the
user to break an object at a specific
point, creating two separate objects.
 Break
• The break command is identical to the
break at point command, except the
break line isn't as neat as break at
point.
 Hatching

1) Hatch:- shading of the selected object

with the given hatching pattern
2) Gradient:- fills an enclosed area or
selected object with a gradient fill.
3) Boundaries:- this helps to create a region
or object from an enclosed area.
 Texts
• To create text in your drawing set
the following points
1. Center point/starting point
2. Height of the text
3. Rotating angle
 Layers
• Are used to group related objects in a
drawing for viewing or editing purpose. Mostly
used for viewing purpose
• Layers can be turned on or off to view only
certain layers
• They can be assigned different color, line
type, line weight and states activity (on/off).
• there can be unlimited number of layers in an
AutoCAD drawing
 Object Property Tool bar
• Layer control

• Color Control

• Line Type control

• Line Weight control etc.

 Some layering set-up
opens LAYERs dialogue box. Layers can be
• On or OFF (visible or invisible)
• Frozen or Thawed (also invisible, but saves
space while working in very large drawings)
• Locked or Unlocked (modifiable or unmodifiable)
• Set to a COLOR (the color will be used later for
printing)
• Set to a LINETYPE (dashed, dotted etc)
• Set to a LINEWEIGHT (U CAN LEAVE THIS
VALUE AT DEFAULT, you will adjust it in the
PLOT)
Procedures for the formation of layering

• 1st- go to ribbon menu bar--------Home---

---Layer properties
Or
Pull-down menu bar------Format-------
Layer
2nd – Group the same items and set all in new layer as below

 Status -This column has a green check to indicate the

current layer (all new objects will be drawn on that layer).
Double click here to make the layer current.
 Name-Give the layer a good, descriptive name (but not too
long)
 On/Off-Turns the visibility of that layer on (visible) or off
(invisible)
 Freeze - Similar to 'On', but can be used in Viewports
 Lock-Retain visibility, but disable modifying objects on the
locked layer.
 Color - Used to select the color for objects drawn on
each layer
 Line-type - Used to select the line type for objects
drawn on each layer
 Line-weight - Used to select the line weight for
objects drawn on each layer
 Plot Style - Plot styles are used to define how
objects are plotted - this can be different from the
properties described above.
 Plot- Set the layer to either plot (on) or not (off)
 New VP Freeze - When on, it will freeze the selected
layer in new viewports when they (viewports) are
created
 Description - Use this to give a description to your
layer system - very important when working with other
users.
3rd- select the grouped object and right click-------
Properties

Properties
4th – select the appropriate layer name for the
selected object

select the layer name

5th – check weather the layer is formed or not by

using on/off the light
Exercise 1
Quiz 1 G2
Exercise 2

120
Quiz 1 G1
 Plant Layout
a) Meaning of Plant Layout
“Plant layout is a plan of an optimum arrangement
of facilities including personnel, operating
equipment, storage space, material handling
equipment and all other supporting services along
with the design of best structure to contain all
these facilities”.
b) Objectives of Plant Layout
The primary goal of the plant layout is to
maximize the profit by arrangement of all the
plant facilities to the best advantage of total
manufacturing of the product.
 Another objectives of plant
layout are:
1. Streamline the flow of materials through the plant.
2. Facilitate the manufacturing process.
3. Maintain high turnover of in-process inventory.
4. Minimize materials handling and cost.
5. Effective utilization of men, equipment and space.
6. Make effective utilization of cubic space.
7. Flexibility of manufacturing operations and
arrangements.
8. Provide for employee convenience, safety and comfort.
9. Minimize investment in equipment.
10. Minimize overall production time.
11.12/15/2018
Maintain flexibility of arrangement and operation.
 Need for Selecting a Suitable
Location
• The need for selecting a suitable location
arises because of three situations.
I. In Case of Location Choice for the
First Time or New Organizations
Cost economies are always important while
selecting a location for the first time, but
should keep in mind the cost of long-term
business/organizational objectives.

12/15/2018
The following are the factors to be
considered while selecting the location for
the new organizations:
1.Identification of region:
2. Choice of a site within a region:
3. Dimensional analysis: If all the costs
were tangible and quantifiable, the
comparison and selection of a site is easy.
The location with the least cost is selected.
II. In Case of Location Choice for
Existing Organization
• In this case a manufacturing plant has to fit
into a multi-plant operations strategy. That is,
additional plant location in the same premises
and elsewhere under following circumstances:
1. Plant manufacturing distinct products.
2. Manufacturing plant supplying to specific
market area.
3. Plant divided on the basis of the process or
stages in manufacturing.
4. Plants emphasizing flexibility.
12/15/2018
III. In Case of Global Location
• Because of globalization, multinational
corporations are setting up their
organizations in India and Indian companies
are extending their operations in other
countries.

12/15/2018
 Principles of Plant Layout
1. Principle of integration:
A good layout is one that integrates men,
materials, machines and supporting services and
others in order to get the optimum utilization of
resources and maximum effectiveness.
2. Principle of minimum distance:
This principle is concerned with the minimum
travel (or movement) of man and materials. The
facilities should be arranged such that, the total
distance travelled by the men and materials
should be minimum and as far as possible
straight line movement should be preferred.
12/15/2018
3. Principle of cubic space utilization:
The good layout is one that utilize both horizontal and vertical
space. It is not only enough if only the floor space is utilized
optimally but the third dimension, i.e., the height is also to be
utilized effectively.
4. Principle of flow:
A good layout is one that makes the materials to move in forward
direction towards the completion stage,
5. Principle of maximum flexibility:
The good layout is one that can be altered without much cost and
time,
6. Principle of safety, security and satisfaction:
A good layout is one that gives due consideration to workers
safety and satisfaction and safeguards the plant and machinery
against fire, theft, etc.
7. Principle of minimum handling:
A good layout is one that reduces the material handling to the
minimum.
12/15/2018
 Factors Affecting Plant
Layout
• Type of Industry CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
• Type of product 1. Proximity to markets
• Machine 2. Supply of materials
Requirement 3. Transportation
• Location facilities
4. Infrastructure
availability
5. Labor and wages
6. External economies
7. Capital
12/15/2018
 UNCONTROLLABLE FACTORS

8. Government policy
9. Climate conditions
10. Supporting industries and
services
11. Community and labour attitudes
12. Community Infrastructure

12/15/2018
 Classification of Plant
Layout
Layouts can be classified into the
following five categories:
1. Process layout
2. Product layout
3. Combination layout
4. Fixed position layout
5. Group layout
12/15/2018
 1. Process Layout
• (also called a job-shop or functional layout)
• In this type of layout the machines of a similar
type are arranged together at one place.
• Is used for batch production.
• It is preferred when the product is not
standardized and the quantity produced is very
small.

12/15/2018
 2. Product Layout
• (also called a flow-shop layout)
• In this type of layout the machines and
equipment's are arranged in one line depending
upon the sequence of operations required for the
product.
• It is also called as line layout. The material moves
to another machine sequentially without any
backtracking or deviation i.e the output of one
machine becomes input of the next machine.
• It requires a very little material handling.
• It is used for mass production of standardized
products.

12/15/2018
 3. Combination Layout
• A combination of process & product layout
is known as combined layout.
• Manufacturing concerns where several
products are produced in repeated
numbers with no likelihood of continuous
production, combined layout is followed

12/15/2018
 4. Fixed Position Layout
• Fixed position layout involves the movement
of manpower and machines to the product
which remains stationary. The movement of
men and machines is advisable as the cost of
moving them would be lesser.
• This type of layout is preferred where the
size of the job is bulky and heavy. Example
of such type of layout is locomotives, ships,
boilers, generators, wagon building, aircraft
manufacturing, etc.

12/15/2018
 Creating Facility Layout in
AutoCAD
• The purpose of this topic is to teach you how to
create facility layout using AutoCAD.
• Using electronic methods of drafting can help:
-Create layouts faster than by hand
-Ensure accurate dimensions
-Make portable, transformable layouts

to complete this tutorial, you will need the

following:
-A computer with AutoCAD installed
-A measuring tape
-Paper and a pencil

12/15/2018
 Creating Facility Layout in AutoCAD

• Creating a layout can take anywhere from an

hour to multiple days, depending on the size of
the room or facility. For this tutorial, we will
create a layout of a standard dorm room. The
same principles apply to say, a manufacturing
floor or an office space.
Step 1: Gather Materials
• Install AutoCAD on your computer.
Gather the following:
1) Measuring tape
2) Paper (preferably graph paper)
3) Pen or pencil
12/15/2018
 Continued,,,,
Step 2: Create paper room layout
• Measure the inside dimensions of your room, and record it
on paper.
NOTE: This does not require art skills or drawing to scale
- you simply need the dimensions for electronic drafting
later on.
You should have something like the photo above when
complete.
Step 3: Measure and draw in furniture
• Measure individual pieces of furniture and draw them in on
the room layout. Use your tape measure to record
accurate dimensions. Consider measuring additional
dimensions from the corners of the room to ensure proper
furniture
12/15/2018 placement later on.
 Continued,,,,
Again, the paper draft does not need to be drawn to
scale, or even have straight lines. The final product
should look something like the photo above when
finished.
Step 4: Start AutoCAD Layout
Step 5: Create Layers
• This describes what layers are, and shows how to
create layers in a facility layout.
Step 6: Construct Room Outline
• This will walk you through creating the basic outline
of your room.

12/15/2018
 Continued,,,,
Step 7: Creating Furniture
• This describes the process of turning
dimensions on paper into useful electronic
objects.
Step 8: Editing Furniture
Step 9: Grouping lines into useful objects
• Turn each of your pieces of furniture into a
group for easy portability.
Step 10: Adding Text
• Add labels and text to your drawing.
12/15/2018
 Continued,,,,

Step 11: Adding Dimensions

• Use the annotation tool bar to add dimensions
for readability and usability
Step 12: Printing Your Deliverable
• Print your file to a format usable by managers
and maintenance.

12/15/2018