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    Prehistory: Palaeolithic - Mesolithic - Neolithic - Metal Ages

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    api-443568616
    The document summarizes key aspects of human prehistory, including: 1) It describes the hominization process over millions of years that led to the development of human characteristics like bipedal walking and increased brain size. 2) It outlines the major periods of prehistory - Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages - and notes that the Palaeolithic was the longest period defined by nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in difficult climate conditions. 3) During the Mesolithic, the climate warmed following the last ice age, marking a transitional period between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic when agriculture was invented.

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    Prehistory: Palaeolithic - Mesolithic - Neolithic - Metal Ages

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    77 views20 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of human prehistory, including: 1) It describes the hominization process over millions of years that led to the development of human characteristics like bipedal walking and increased brain size. 2) It outlines the major periods of prehistory - Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages - and notes that the Palaeolithic was the longest period defined by nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in difficult climate conditions. 3) During the Mesolithic, the climate warmed following the last ice age, marking a transitional period between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic when agriculture was invented.

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    The document summarizes key aspects of human prehistory, including: 1) It describes the hominization process over millions of years that led to the development of human characteristics like bipedal walking and increased brain size. 2) It outlines the major periods of prehistory - Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages - and notes that the Palaeolithic was the longest period defined by nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in difficult climate conditions. 3) During the Mesolithic, the climate warmed following the last ice age, marking a transitional period between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic when agriculture was invented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    77 views20 pages

    Prehistory: Palaeolithic - Mesolithic - Neolithic - Metal Ages

    Uploaded by

    api-443568616
    The document summarizes key aspects of human prehistory, including: 1) It describes the hominization process over millions of years that led to the development of human characteristics like bipedal walking and increased brain size. 2) It outlines the major periods of prehistory - Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages - and notes that the Palaeolithic was the longest period defined by nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in difficult climate conditions. 3) During the Mesolithic, the climate warmed following the last ice age, marking a transitional period between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic when agriculture was invented.

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    of 20

    1.

    PREHISTORY
    PALAEOLITHIC – MESOLITHIC – NEOLITHIC – METAL AGES
    Contents
    1) Chronology.
    2) Hominization process. The Theory of Evolution.
    3) Palaeolithic period.
    4) Mesolithic period.
    5) Neolithic period.
    6) Metal ages.
    7) Prehistory in Spain.
    1. PREHISTORY CHRONOLOGY
    STONE AGE METAL AGES

    PALAEOLITHIC MESOLITHIC NEOLITHIC COPPER BRONZE IRON

    Lower Middle Upper

    4.4Myr 200.000 BC 35.000 BC 10.000 BC 8.500BC 4.500 BC 2.200 BC 1.500 BC

    First hominids First humans Climatic change Agriculture Invention of


    bipeds writing
    3.250 BC

    HISTORY
    Archaeology
    • Branch of history
    • The study of human activity in the past
    • Sources: material and human remains left behind
    2. Hominization process.
    The hominization process is the evolutionary development of
    human characteristics that differentiate hominids from their
    primate ancestors. This process occurred over millions of years. The
    man, like the rest of living beings, has been in a constant state of
    transformation. Gorillas, chimpanzees and human beings all belong
    to a group of mammals called primates.
    Theory of evolution by Charles Darwin: this theory considers
    living beings a result of a process of change and transformation.
    Evolutionary change occurs through variation between individuals;
    some variants give the individual an extra survival probability, this
    is known as Natural Selection.
    Hominids characteristics
    • A biped mode of walking due to the position of their hip and the
    extensions of their pelvis.
    - Straight spine.
    - Better visual field.
    - Free hands.
    - Changes in the feet. Hominids move faster.

    • Developed an opposable thumbs. To hold and manipulate objects.


    • Increased brain and skull size that increased their intelligence.
    Forehead and chin.
    HOMO SAPIENS They made tolos from 195.000 years Human beings of today. Spherical skull, From Africa to
    Stone and bone. They ago straight forehead, prominent chin. the rest of the
    created the first art continents.
    HOMO forms.
    They lived in caves, 200.000 and Strong complexión, big face and Europe
    NEARDENTHALENSIS made tolos and used 35.000 years ago protruding eyebrows, sunken forehead
    fire. They buried their and no chin
    dead. Ice age.
    HOMO ERECTUS They used fire and made 1,8 million years They walked upright, big brain Africa, Asia and
    tools ago Europe

    HOMO HABILIS They made tools 2,4 million years Small brain, legs better adapted to walk Southern and
    ago upright Eastern Africa

    AUSTRALOPITHECUS They used tools but 4,2 million years Brain not very developed, probably Southern and
    didn´t make them. ago walked on two legs. Eastern Africa

    CLIMATE CHANGE
    3. Palaeolithic period (4,4Myr –
    10.000b.C).
    • The longest period in Prehistory. It began with the appearance of the
    hominids and ended with an important climate change and the developed
    of the agriculture.
    • During this period, hominids lived in very difficult conditions. They have to
    deal with very cold periods called gacial periods followed by other periods
    with higher temperatures.
    • They were predators. It means that they took the resources they needed
    directly from nature. They were survivors.
    • They lived a nomadic life moving around searching animals to hunt.
    • During the hotest period they lived outside in the nature or in huts. During
    the coldest period they lived in caves.
    Palaeolithic period.
    LOWER MIDDLE UPPER

    The stones were knapped. The They lived in Europe, Asia Carving techniques developed and
    pieces that came away as the Stone and America. appeared new types of tools made
    was hitting were uses too as knives with ivory, bones and wood.
    and scrapers. First art forms.

    Invention of fire Tools began to be more We could find, arrow heads,


    sofisticated and smaller. needles, harpoons, perforators…
    Homo Neardenthal Homo Sapiens
    Australopithecus
    Importance of fire
    Homo habilis

    Homo erectus
    • Hominids organised themselves into small
    groups called clans (around ten people).
    Their members share family ties. There were no
    important social differences.
    • They hunt in coordinated groups.
    • This people believed in the power of natural
    elements like de sun, the rain, the stars or the
    wind for example.
    • They practised magic rituals and they buried
    their dead.
    Artistic manifestations
    • Portable art: which could be carried from one place to another. They
    work with stones, bones and ivory. They decorated them with reliefs
    and engravings. They used paint too. They made symbols of authority,
    weapons, amulets and the most importat, VENUS.
    *Venus: small figures of women associated with fertility.
    • Cave painting: we could find them on cave walls or in natural shelters.
    They represented animals in a natural enviroment. They also painted
    humans hunting. They were naturalistic. They used the irregularities in
    the rock to create relief in their drawings.
    True or False
    • Palaeolithic is the largest period in Human History.
    • Homo Sapiens lived during the Middle Palaeolithic and then he
    disappeared.
    • During the palaeolithic the economy was really productive.
    • They used to hunt in groups during this period.
    • Life during palaeolithic was nomadic.
    • Along this period the climate was cold.
    • Venus had the appearence of a hunter.
    4. Mesolithic (10.000 b.C. – 8.500 b.C.)
    • It was a period of transition between the Palaeolithic and the
    Neolithic with the invention of the agriculture.
    • During this moment, the temperatures rose and the ice receded. The
    climate change.

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