ABOUT Construction Started : 1626 AD Construction Completed : 1656 AD Maintained By : Archeological Survey of India (ASI) Where is it Located : Bijapur, Karnataka, India Why was it Built : To mark the tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah Dimensions : 47.5 metres (156 ft) on each side, capped by a dome 44 m (144 ft) in external diameter Materials Used : Dark grey basalt Architectural Style : Deccan Indo-Islamic Designer : Yaqut of Dabul PLAN The size of Gol Gumbaz was planned as a mammoth single chamber structure and remains one of the biggest in the world till date.
The entire structure is fitted on a 600 feet podium.
DOME The dome is the second largest in the world, with a diameter of almost 600 feet, next only to St. Peter's Basillica in Rome.
The tomb is a giant cube topped with a hemispherical
dome. GALLERY SPACE SPACE It is one of the largest single structure chambers in the world, and the space it encloses (almost 1700 sq.meters) is the largest in the world covered by a single dome.
The mausoleum has been built in dark grey Basalt
stone and the facade is decorated with plaster. ARCHES FOUNDATION The foundation of the tomb is constructed to rest on the bedrock which was presumed to prevent any unequal settlement. Unique architectural characteristic of the structure is the use of pendentives (groined compartments) to counteract the outer thrust of the dome and has not been used anywhere else in India. The pendentives have a large central arch, topped by a cornice of grey basalt further crowned by a row of small arches carrying a second line of plain work holding a balustrade of 1.8 mheight over it. SECTIONS RISK FACTORS In recent years earthquakes have been observed around the area with magnitudes varying from 4.4 - 6.3, raising concern among experts and public regarding the seismic safety of the region. It is in this context that a study on Gol Gumbaz ,an important historical structure, roofed with the dome covering the largest uninterrupted floor space in the world (approx. 1833 sq m) is being undertaken. FEATURES The Gol Gumbaz has a simple square plan of 41.5 m inside and 62.5 m outside with four confining lofty walls 3m thick rising to a height of 33.5 m. Externally the tomb is a massive cube, with octagonal seven storied buttress towers of diameter 7.6 m topped by small rounded domes projecting at the four corners, the whole rising to a height of 45.7 m. The tomb has an approximate total height of 67m. The hemispherical dome over the square chamber with an inner diameter of 38.1 m and external diameter of 44 m was supported using the method of intersecting arches. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF BASE AND DOME An analytical study of Gol Gumbaz has been carried out to assess its seismic performance. A three dimensional analytical model of the same has been developed and its behavior has been assessed by subjecting it to a Response spectrum analysis. The Response spectrum used for analysis was IS 1893-2002.
Assumptions in Modelling: 1. All joints are assumed to be rigid. 2. Each node has six degrees of freedom.
Analytical Model Description:
The model is created in two stages: 1. Modelling of the square base 2. Modelling of the dome. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF BASE AND DOME Modelling of the square base: Each side of the square base is divided into three equal portions using the frame elements. In between these divisions, walls are modelled as plates of thickness 3 m, both in bending and in membrane action. The frames are modelled as square sections of 3m x 3m in cross section. The alternate frame elements are connected. The arch system in the real structure is modelled as a plane frame to predict the highest vulnerability of this structure to seismic action. The minarets are modeled as hollow tube sections and are rigidly connected to the wall sections to give an abutting effect. Assuming a medium soil condition, the foundation is modeled as a hinged base.
Modelling of the Dome:
The dome is modelled using the dome template from the SAP 2000 Modeling menu .The dome sections are modeled as shell elements of thickness 3 m. The dome is assumed to be hinge connected to the square base. MODELLING OF THE SQUARE BASE MODELLING OF THE DOME MODELLING APPROACHES As an attempt to predict the highest vulnerability two modeling approaches are experimented. In the first case the entire four wall segments are discretized into small four noded plate elements each having an approximate area of 4.634 m2 and subjected to seismic action. In the second approach, the out of plane walls are approximated into small four noded elements of area 4.634 m2 but the in plane walls are modeled as single massive panels of thickness 3 m depicting a shear wall effect. These panels are rigidly connected to the discretized(approximated) wall panels through the minarets. This modeling approach is justified by attributing infinite rigidity to the in plane wall elements. 3D ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE DONE BY SAP 2000 RESULTS ARE : Modal periods the modal periods are recorded bellow separately for both the modeling approaches. a) Modal period and mode shape for the first approach was found to be 0.9991 seconds 3D ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE DONE BY SAP 2000 RESULTS b) For second approach modal period was found to be 1.08 seconds. CONCLUSION The seismic vulnerability of the first modeling approach was found to be higher since the modal period for the first approach was lower than that of the modal period of the second approach. The results of the first approach which seems to appropriate real life conditions more closely may be used for devising appropriate proactive measures. THANK YOU