Visual Power Point Corrections

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Chromosomes, Genes,
and DNA
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By: Bree Honeycutt

+
Bell Work
 Below are the different structures inside of living things
concerning the hierarchy of DNA and inherited traits. Put
them in order from largest to smallest and try to label them
using the word bank.
DNA
H.
+Structures Inside of Living Things
Work Bank
Base pair
Cell
Chromosome
Gene
Nucleus
H. Organism
Trait
DNA
Bell Work Activity

Put the above structures in order by letter from largest to
smallest and try to label them using the word bank.
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Guiding Questions
 What is DNA?
 What is a gene?
 What is a chromosome?
 What is DNA replication?

+ Guiding Questions
 What is DNA?
 What is a gene?
 What is a chromosome?
 What is DNA replication?

+
What is DNA?
 It is a double stranded molecule that forms a double
helix.
 It is in the nucleus of cells
 Its called Deoxyribonucleic acid
 Complementary bases (bases that bind) in DNA

 Thymine pairs with Adenine
 Guanine pairs with Cytosine
 DNA contains the code for each protein

that an organism needs.
 By the order of its nitrogenous bases
 Amino acids are the base unit of proteins
and come from the sequence of three base
pairs.
+ What is DNA?
 It is a double stranded molecule that forms a double
helix.
 It is in the nucleus of cells
 Its called Deoxyribonucleic acid
 Complementary bases (bases that bind) in DNA

 Thymine pairs with Adenine
 Guanine pairs with Cytosine
 DNA contains the code for each protein

that an organism needs.
 By the order of its nitrogenous bases
+
What is a gene?
 A gene is a specific location on a
chromosome containing a
segment of DNA.
 A genes segment of DNA codes

for one protein.
 The more genes organisms share

the closer related they are
because their genes may code for
the same proteins.
 Maple trees have many of the same
genes.
+ What is a gene?
 A gene is a specific location on a
chromosome containing a
segment of DNA.
 A genes segment of DNA codes

for one protein.
 The more genes organisms share

the closer related they are
because their genes may code for
the same proteins.
 Maple trees have many of the
same genes.
+ What is a
Chromosome?
 A structure in the nucleus of all
cells that is made up of on long
thread of tightly coiled DNA.
 Each chromosome consist of

hundreds of genes and determines
the many proteins for an
individual.
 These proteins determine the

differences in individuals.
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What are chromosomes?
 The number of chromosomes
vary per type of organism.
 The two types of

chromosomes:
 Sex chromosomes
 Autosomal chromosomes
 In every cell there are two

chromosomes that have
genes for the same proteins,
why do you think we have
two?
 Because we inherit one
chromosome from each
parent.
 This is how traits of parents are
passes to their offspring.
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Main Idea of DNA, Genes and
Chromosomes
They make up the molecular basis of
heredity!
+ What is DNA 2. Exposed DNA
replication? bases bind to

their
complementary
bases
3. Two identical
DNA
molecule
formed
Original 1. DNA is
DNA that Unzipped
is double by an
stranded enzyme
+
Guiding Questions
 What is protein synthesis?
 What is transcription?
 What is RNA?
 What makes up both DNA and RNA

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Protein Synthesis
 When: Organisms signal to the cell that a

particular protein is needed.
 Why: To construct the proteins needed for each

specific purpose
 How: By using the blueprint provided by DNA to

reveal the correct order of amino acids for each
protein that an organisms needs.
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1st Step of Protein Synthesis is
Transcription
 A process where a portion of a molecule of
DNA is copied into a commentary strand of
RNA.
1. Through a series of chemical signals, the

gene for a particular protein is turned on.
2. An enzyme then attaches to the DNA strand

at the exact location where the gene is found,
causing the two strands to separate at that
position.
NOW YOU EXPLORE THE REST OF THE

TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS!
+
Transcription continued
3. The single stranded DNA molecule is used as a template

to build the messenger mRNA molecule.
4. The mRNA molecule is transported out of the cell and into

the ribosome.
THE END OF TRANSCRIPTION

+
What is RNA?
 It is a single chain of nucleotides
with exposed nitrogenous bases.
 During protein synthesis RNA

bonds with exposed DNA bases.
 Guanine with Cytosine
 Uracil with Adenine
 Its called Ribonucleic acid
 Used to make the instructions for

protein synthesis.
+
What Makes up Both DNA and
RNA?
Small units called nucleotides, which have three parts.
+
Construct a Venn Diagram for the
differences in DNA and RNA
 Features to consider
 Nucleotides (Nitrogenous base, simple (pentose) sugar, and
phosphate group).
 Name
 Structure (double stranded or single stranded)
 Function in making proteins (blueprint or copy of instructions)
 Function in DNA replication

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By: Bree Honeycutt

Bell Work Activity

 What is DNA replication?

 What is DNA replication?

 It is in the nucleus of cells

 Its called Deoxyribonucleic acid

 Complementary bases (bases that bind) in DNA

 DNA contains the code for each protein

 It is in the nucleus of cells

 Its called Deoxyribonucleic acid

 Complementary bases (bases that bind) in DNA

 DNA contains the code for each protein

 A genes segment of DNA codes

 The more genes organisms share

 A genes segment of DNA codes

 The more genes organisms share

 Each chromosome consist of

 These proteins determine the

 The two types of

 In every cell there are two

replication? bases bind to

 What is protein synthesis?

 What makes up both DNA and RNA

 When: Organisms signal to the cell that a

 Why: To construct the proteins needed for each

 How: By using the blueprint provided by DNA to

1. Through a series of chemical signals, the

2. An enzyme then attaches to the DNA strand

NOW YOU EXPLORE THE REST OF THE

3. The single stranded DNA molecule is used as a template

4. The mRNA molecule is transported out of the cell and into

THE END OF TRANSCRIPTION

 During protein synthesis RNA

 Its called Ribonucleic acid

 Used to make the instructions for

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