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Steel: Building Material

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Steel

Building Material
 Pig Iron
 History of metals
 Wrought Iron
 Terminologies
 Cast Iron

Contents  Extraction of Metals


 Steel
 Types of Metals
 Types of Steel
 Ferrous metals
 Alloy Steel

 Carbon Steel
Stone
6000BC

Gold
6000BC

Copper
4200BC

Silver
History of 4000BC

Metals Lead
3500BC

Tin
1750BC

Iron Iron Age


1500BC 1500BC
 Ore - Naturally occurring mineral aggregate, from which one or more valuable
constituents may be recovered by treatment.

 Dressing -The impurities in ore are removed.

 Calcinations- Heating ore in presence of air so that they are oxidized.

Terminologies  Smelting- Melting so as to separates metal from ore.

 Malleable -Hammered or shaped without breaking.

 Ductile - Metal drawn into sheets or Wires.

 Casting- object by pouring molten metal into a mould.


Extraction of
Metals
Metals

Ferrous Metals Non- Ferrous Metals


Mild Steel Aluminum
Stainless Brass
Types of Steel
Cast iron
Copper
Lead
Metals Wrought Iron

Alloys
Brass
Bronze
Steel
 Iron and many types of steel are all common examples of ferrous metals.
 The durability of these composites, ferrous metals are often used in
construction, pipelines, and even the creation of tools.
 By changing the amount of Iron and Carbon or adding in a few other
materials, steel can be transformed to become anything from the thick
steel beams used in skyscrapers to shiny stainless steel.
 Examples of ferrous metals include:
o Mild Steel – Used for general engineering and building purposes

Ferrous Metals o Carbon Steel – Used for the creation of tools

o Stainless Steel – A ferrous metal that resists rust due to the presence of
chromium

o Cast Iron – Used for vehicle engines, utility hole covers and cooking
applications

o Wrought Iron – Typically used in gates and fences


 Intermediate product of the iron industry.

 Very high carbon content, hence brittle.

 Done to transport the smelted Iron Ore into the furnace.

 Re-melted to get pure form of Iron, Traditionally into Wrought


Pig Iron Iron ,now into Steel.
 Low Carbon content ( less than
0.08%)

 Malleable , Ductile , Corrosion


resistance , Easily Welded.

Wrought Iron  Commonly used malleable Iron.

 Wrought refined into Steel.

 Gates , garden gates , guard rails


etc were designed in wrought iron.
 Contains greater than 2% of
Carbon.

 It is Brittle.

 Resistance to deformation.

Cast Iron  Used in Pipes, Machines , First Iron Bridge


Automotive Industries, Covers, etc.

 Not used for tensile strength.

 Known for compressive strength.


 Alloy of Iron and Carbon and other elements.

 High tensile Strength

 Major component used in buildings.

Steel  Carbon is between 0.002% to 2.14% by


weight.

 There are different types of steel.

 Alloy Steel
 Carbon Steel
 Every steel is an alloy , but not all
steel are alloy steel.

 Other elements (Manganese ,


Alloy Steel Nickel ) added along with carbon is
called alloyed steel.

 Ferromagnetic property , hence


used in Electric motors, Space craft,
Nuclear Reactors etc.

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