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    Embolism and Infarction

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    Diviya Arikrishnan
    1) An embolism occurs when a solid, liquid, or gaseous mass breaks off from its point of origin and is carried by the bloodstream, blocking vessels elsewhere. Common types include pulmonary, systemic, and fat embolisms. 2) Pulmonary embolisms originate most often from deep vein thromboses in the legs, travel to the lungs, and can cause respiratory or cardiac issues. Systemic embolisms arise from sources like heart thrombi or atherosclerosis. 3) An infarction is the ischemic necrosis of tissue caused by blocked arteries or veins, eliciting inflammation. Large infarcts can become gangrenous if multiple tissue types die off in an area.

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    Embolism and Infarction

    Uploaded by

    Diviya Arikrishnan
    124 views34 pages
    1) An embolism occurs when a solid, liquid, or gaseous mass breaks off from its point of origin and is carried by the bloodstream, blocking vessels elsewhere. Common types include pulmonary, systemic, and fat embolisms. 2) Pulmonary embolisms originate most often from deep vein thromboses in the legs, travel to the lungs, and can cause respiratory or cardiac issues. Systemic embolisms arise from sources like heart thrombi or atherosclerosis. 3) An infarction is the ischemic necrosis of tissue caused by blocked arteries or veins, eliciting inflammation. Large infarcts can become gangrenous if multiple tissue types die off in an area.

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    Embolism

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    1) An embolism occurs when a solid, liquid, or gaseous mass breaks off from its point of origin and is carried by the bloodstream, blocking vessels elsewhere. Common types include pulmonary, systemic, and fat embolisms. 2) Pulmonary embolisms originate most often from deep vein thromboses in the legs, travel to the lungs, and can cause respiratory or cardiac issues. Systemic embolisms arise from sources like heart thrombi or atherosclerosis. 3) An infarction is the ischemic necrosis of tissue caused by blocked arteries or veins, eliciting inflammation. Large infarcts can become gangrenous if multiple tissue types die off in an area.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    124 views34 pages

    Embolism and Infarction

    Uploaded by

    Diviya Arikrishnan
    1) An embolism occurs when a solid, liquid, or gaseous mass breaks off from its point of origin and is carried by the bloodstream, blocking vessels elsewhere. Common types include pulmonary, systemic, and fat embolisms. 2) Pulmonary embolisms originate most often from deep vein thromboses in the legs, travel to the lungs, and can cause respiratory or cardiac issues. Systemic embolisms arise from sources like heart thrombi or atherosclerosis. 3) An infarction is the ischemic necrosis of tissue caused by blocked arteries or veins, eliciting inflammation. Large infarcts can become gangrenous if multiple tissue types die off in an area.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    EMBOLISM AND

    INFARCTION
    DEFINITION
    An embolus is a detached intravascular solid,
    liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the
    blood from its point of origin to a distant site,
    where it often causes tissue dysfunction or
    infarction
    • Mass of material in the vascular system able to
    become lodged with in a vessel and block its
    lumen

    • 90% of the major emboli are derived from


    thrombi
    TYPES
    • 1) PULMONARY EMBOLISM
    • 2) SYSTEMIC EMBOLISM
    • 3) EMBOLIC ATHEROMA
    • 4)INFECTIVE EMBOLI
    • 5) FAT EMBOLI
    • 6)GAS EMBOLISM
    • 7)AMNIOTIC EMBOLISM
    • 8) TUMOUR EMBOLISM
    TYPES OF EMBOLISM
    1)PULMONARY EMBOLISM
    MOST COMMON FORM OF THROMBOLIC DISEASE
    ORIGINATE FROM DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSES (DVT)

    Leg veins, pelvic veins—> arrive in pulmonary


    circulation
    effects
    1)Small emboli insignificant

    idiopathic pulmonary hypertension


    2) Large emboli acute respiratory and
    cardiac problems
    3)Massive death
    MECHANISM
    SADDLE EMBOLUS
    CLINICAL FEATURES

    • Shortness of breath, chest pain


    • Coughing up blood
    SYSTEMIC THROMBOEMBOLISM
    CAN ARISE FROM
    • INTRACARDIAC MURAL THROMBI (80% )
    • AORTIC ANEURYSMS
    • VALVULAR VEGETATIONS
    • ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE
    • VENOUS THROMBI (PARADOXICAL EMBOLI)
    EMBOLIC ATHEROMA

    • Fragments of atheromatous plaque embolise


    and seen in lower limbs.
    Infective emboli

    • Vegetations in the heart


    • Seen in infective endocarditis which contains
    bacteria
    Fat and marrow embolism
    • Occurs following fracture of long bones
    • Burns
    • Vigourous cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    MARROW FAT

    BONE MARROW EMBOLUS IN PULMONARY CIRCULATION


    GAS EMBOLISM
    •Gas bubbles within the circulation can coalesce to
    form frothy masses that obstruct vascular flow and
    cause distal ischemic injury

    •Decompression sickness

    •Caissons disease
    DEEP SEA DIVERS
    • Rapid ascend  the nitrogen comes
    out of solution in the tissues and the blood.
    Grecian bend
    • Chokes
    • Bends
    • Caisson disease

    Named in the 1880s because it was noted that those afflicted


    characteristically arched their backs in a manner reminiscent
    of a then-popular women’s fashion pose called the
    Grecian bend).
    • Amniotic fluid forced in to uterine veins
    • Lodge in to the lungs respiratory distress
    Pulmonary arteriole packed with laminated swirls of fetal
    squamous cells .
    INFARCTION
    • Infarct is an area of ischaemic necrosis caused
    by occlusion of either arterial supply or
    venous drainage in a particular tissue.
    • Elicits an inflammatory response
    • Gangrene is infarction of mixed tissues in bulk
    • (e.g gut wall, part of limb)
    REPERFUSION INJURY
    • Occurs in tissue which has undergone
    infarction and then reperfusion
    • Oxygen dependent free radical system
    MORPHOLOGY OF INFARCTS
    • Infarcts are classified according to
    • 1)color  RED OR WHITE
    • 2) presence or absence of infection SEPTIC
    OR BLAND
    Red infarcts

    • 1) VENOUS OCCLUSION
    • 2)LOOSE SPONGY TISSUE (e.g lung)
    • 3) DUAL CIRCULATION( LUNG , INTESTINE)
    • 4) FLOW IS RE ESTABLISHED
    WHITE INFARCTS
    • Occurs in solid organs where there is end
    arterial circulation
    • Infarcts tend to be wedge-shaped, with the
    occluded vessel
    • at the apex and the periphery of the organ
    forming the base
    Infarcts tend to be wedge-shaped, with the occluded vessel
    at the apex and the periphery of the organ forming the base
    • The dominant histologic characteristic of
    infarction is ischemic coagulative necrosis

    • Septic infarctions occur when infected cardiac


    valve vegetations embolize or when microbes
    seed necrotic tissue.
    GANGRENE
    • When whole areas of a limb or a region of the
    gut have their arterial supply cut off and large
    areas of mixed tissues die in bulk, such a
    process is termed gangrene

    • DRY WET
    DRY GANGRENE

    MUMMIFIED
    STERILE PROCESS
    WET GANGRENE

    BACTERIAL INFECTION
    • THANK YOU

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