Rural Local Bodies: Tarandeep Kaur Ii Sem

RURAL LOCAL
BODIES
TARANDEEP KAUR
II SEM
INTRODUCTION
LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT
RURAL SELF URBAN SELF

GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT
• The PANCHAYATS in rural India and MUNICIPALITIES in urban India are

defined in the constitution as the institutions of self government and have been
the main instruments of democratic decentralization in India right from the
beginning in 19th century.
• The local government in rural areas is enabled by Panchayat system of

governance involving Panchayati Raj Institutions(PRIs)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 PANCHAYATS IN ANCIENT TIMES:
A reference to an organized system of rural local self-government has been found in
Ancient Vedic literature. Rig Veda has mentioned about “Gramini”, the village head
employed by the king for civil and military purposes; while Atharva Veda envisaged
the institution of 'sabha’, ‘samiti’, ‘babhapati’ and ‘sabkasad’.
The Ramayana and the Mahabharat, where the gramini was responsible for collecting
dues, keeping village records, settling disputes and controlling crime.
 PANCHAYATS DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD:
The medieval was comparatively an uneventful period in the history of panchayat
system in India. The system was largely ineffective during Mughal rule, except
during Akbar’s reign, it appears that no other Mughal ruler assigned importance to
the panchayats.
 PANCHAYATI RAJ DURING BRITISH INDIA:
Sir Charles Metcaffe, a British Governor in India during 1852 called panchayat as
'the little republic’. The Royal Commission on Decentralization in 1907 recognized
the importance of the panchayats at the village level, and recommended association
of the people with the task of local administration.
PANCHAYATI RAJ AFTER INDEPENDENCE
 Mahatma Gandhi, while emphasizing on Gram Swaraj advocated that
'Independence must begin at the bottom. Thus every village was expected to be
a republic of panchayat having full power.
 The spirit and importance of panchayati raj system found place in Article 40 of
the Directive Principles of State Policy of the Constitution of India, which
says: "The state shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow
them with such powers and authority as may necessary to enable them to
function as units of self-government".
 The Government of India constituted several committees at different points of

time to strengthen the local self government institutions, like.
1. The Balwant Ray Mehta Committee (1957)
2. The Ashok Mehta Committee (1977)
3. The G.V.K. Rao committee,(1985)
RURAL LOCAL BODIES
Comprise of three institutions :-
 Gram Panchayats
 Mandal Or Taluka Panchayats
 Zilla Panchayats
GRAM PANCHAYAT :
• Consists of a sarpanch and five to thirteen elected panches.
• The members are elected for a period of five years.
• The members are elected by the same electoral college, which elects the
members of Legislative Assembly of the state and the Lok Sabha.
• The sarpanch is the head of the gram panchayat and is usually elected by
the other members of the panchayat.
• Gram panchayats are established in villages with a minimum population
of 300, if the individual villages have even less populations, they can be
grouped together and frame group-gram panchayats.
FUNCTIONS OF GRAM PANCHAYAT
 Preparation of annual development plans and its budget, Construction, repair
and maintenance of community assets , khadi and village industries, rural
housing, rural electrification, non-conventional sources of energy, education,
public health and family welfare, promoting agriculture, fairs and festivals,
women and children development etc.
SOURCE OF INCOME FOR GRAM PANCHAYATS
 The main source of income for panchayats is property tax. Other sources
include profession tax, tax on pilgrimage, animal trade etc.
 Besides this, panchayats receive grants from the state government as well as
Zilla Parishad.
TALUKA PANCHAYAT
 The panchayat at intermediate level is known as Panchayat Samiti or Taluka
Panchayat or Mandal Panchayat (works at tehsil level also known as
development block).
 Acts as a link between gram panchayat and the district administration.
 There is a panchayat samiti in each development block, a compact development
area. Its membership comprises: 15 to 25 directly elected members from
territorial constituencies.
 The Panchayat Samiti is composed four types of members, the members: all
sarpanchs of the Development Block, the MPs and MLAs of the area and Sub-
Divisional Officer (SDO), Co opted members: representatives of SCs/STs and
women, associate members: one farmer, one representative of cooperative
societies and one representative of marketing services, and elected members.
 The samiti is elected for a period of 5 years. There is a Chairman and a Deputy
Chairman, and there is an officer in charge for every department of the Samiti
including administration, finance, public works, agriculture etc.
FUNCTION OF TALUKA PANCHAYAT/PANCHAYAT SAMITI
 The important functions are : agricultural improvement, land improvement,

establishment of primary health centres and primary schools, supply of drinking
water, sanitation, and of roads, establishment of cooperative societies,
establishment of youth organizations, irrigation and water management and
promotion of animal husbandry and dairying and poultry, fisheries, social
services, social welfare, technical training, poverty alleviation and rural
electrification, and development of cottage and small scale industries
SOURCES OF INCOME FOR TALUKA PANCHAYATS
 Grants and loans from the state government.

ZILLA PARISHAD
 Every district has a zilla parishad having jurisdiction over the entire district
excluding the areas included in a municipality or a cantonment board.
 The Additional Deputy Commissioner (Development) of the district is the Chief
Executive of the zilla parishad.
 The other members of the zilla are:
 Directly elected from demarcated constituencies;
 All chairpersons of panchayat samities;
 Members of Parliament/Members of Legislative Assemblies whose constituencies
fall in the jurisdiction and geographical area of the zilla parishad;
 The members of the Zilla Parishad are Chairmen of the Panchayat Samities falling
under the area, they serve for a period of 5 years;
 Zilla Parishads have min 50 and maximum 75 members;
 Seats are reserved for SC/STs backward classes and women.
FUNCTIONS OF ZILLA PARISHAD
 The functions include planning and execution of development projects for the
district also provide essential services and facilities to the rural population.,
• like: agriculture projects such as supply of seeds, irrigation, new techniques of
farming. ground water resources and watershed development ;horticulture;
• distribution of essential commodities; soil conservation; animal husbandry and
dairying; fisheries;
• Small scale industries including food processing industries;
• health and hygiene; rural housing; education projects such as setting up and running
of schools, adult literacy, running libraries, establish primary health centres, mobile
health centres, carry out vaccination drives and family welfare campaigns.
SOURCE OF INCOME FROM ZILLA PARISHAD
Sources of income of Zilla are from the taxes on water, pilgrimage, markets etc.,
money from the state government for works and schemes assigned to the Parishad, and
fixed grant from the state government in proportion to the land revenue.
TWENTY NINE (29) FUNCTIONS OF THE AS PER
ELEVENTH SCHEDULE OF THE CONSTITUTION
1. Agriculture, including Agricultural Extension Agriculture,
2. Land Improvement, Implementation of Land Reforms, Land Consolidation and
Soil Conservation
3. Minor Irrigation, Water Management and Watershed Development
4. Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Poultry
5. Fisheries
6. Social Forestry and Farm Forestry
7. Minor Forest Produce
8. Small Scale Industries, including Food Processing Industries
9. Khadi, Village and Cottage Industries
10. Rural Housing
11. Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation
12. Fuel and Fodder
13. Roads, Culverts Bridges, Ferries, Waterways and Other Means of Communication
14. Rural Electrification, including Distribution of Electricity
15. Non-conventional Energy Sources
16. Poverty Alleviation Programme
17. Education, including Primary and Secondary Schools
18. Technical Training and Vocational Education
19. Adult and Non-formal Education
20. Libraries
21. Cultural Activities
22. Markets and Fairs
23. Health and Sanitation
24. Family Welfare
25. Women and Child Development
26. Social Welfare, including Welfare of the Handicapped and Mentally Retarded
27. Welfare of the Weaker Sections, Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
28. Public Distribution System
29. Maintenance of Community Assets
THANK YOU

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RURAL LOCAL

LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT

RURAL SELF URBAN SELF

• The PANCHAYATS in rural India and MUNICIPALITIES in urban India are

• The local government in rural areas is enabled by Panchayat system of

 The Government of India constituted several committees at different points of

SOURCE OF INCOME FOR GRAM PANCHAYATS

 The important functions are : agricultural improvement, land improvement,

SOURCES OF INCOME FOR TALUKA PANCHAYATS

 Grants and loans from the state government.

SOURCE OF INCOME FROM ZILLA PARISHAD

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