LAW ENFORCEMENT

ADMINISTRATION
POLICE PATROL
• Politeia- Greek word, meaning government of a
city. It applied to civil officers and not necessarily
policeman. Politia- Roman word, those persons who
actually enforced the law.
Police- French word, used it to describe a law
enforcement.
• The words, “constable” and “patrol” are likewise
French.
Patroullier- French. Word, which means to go
through puddles.
• Patrol- more than inspectional activity, whether
carried out on foot, mobile or some other way.
Classifications of Police Patrol
1. Reactive Patrol - This is a patrol activity which consists
of driving around the district, waiting for something to
happen. It is not very different from the stereo-type
old-time policemen who just sit around in the station
while waiting for calls. The sensibility and affordability
of this scheme is now being questioned because of
budgetary constraints and skyrocketing prices.
2. Proactive Patrol- An alternative patrol system which
means the fielding of the field units in their respective
area of responsibility with prescribed objectives and
verifiable tasks schedule of the day to augment the
calls and other on sight activities that makes up the
patrol officers day.
•
Types of Police Patrol
1. Foot Patrol - Its methods consist of the fixed post, line beat, and random
patrol. Foot patrol is restricted to small areas and is used to deal with special
problems of prevention and repression that cannot adequately handled by
the officers in patrol cars. Fixed foot patrol is usually used for traffic,
surveillance, parades and special events. Moving foot patrol is used where
there is a considerable foot traffic, as in business and shopping centers, bars,
taverns, high crime areas and special hazard areas and in place where there
are many multiple family dwellings.
2. Horse Patrol- Horse may be used for certain patrol problems in jurisdiction
that contain large park areas or similar places where automobiles either
cannot go or may be forbidden.
3. Bicycle Patrol- The bicycle patrol has been used in many countries as a simple
and inexpensive means of silent transportation to carry police officers
throughout their patrol districts. Bicycle may be used for routine patrol to
replace or augment foot or mobile patrol under conditions that is more
practical than conventional modes of travel. The versatility of bicycle made
them indispensable for covering crowded areas and places unreasonable for
mobile patrol.
Functional Unit within a department
A. Bureau- largest organic unit within a large
department. Each bureau is comprised of a number of
divisions. More than 1000 personnel.
B. Division- primary subdivision of a bureau or of the
office of the chief. It has a departmentwide function
either for general police service or for specialized
activity and is usually commanded by a captain or a
major in department having district station. 501-1000
personnel
C. Sections- functional unit within a division. The duties
of some divisions call for additional specialization and
in consequence personnel must be further classified
according to their duties. 101-500 personnel.
D. Unit- when further specialization is needed, the
section can be divided into units. 100 and below
number of personnel.
Territorial units
A. Post-a fix point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as intersection or crosswalk
for traffice duty; a spot or location for general
guard duty, observation or surveillance or for the
apprehension of person wanted for or about to
commit acrime; or a designated desk or office.
B. Route- a length of streets or streets designated for
patrol purposes. Also called as line beat.
C. Beat- an area ( in contrast to a length of street)
assigned for patrol purpose, whether foot or
motorized.
D. Sector- an area containing two r more beats, routes or
post. The squad of officers assigned to a scetor is
headed by a sergeant.
E. District- a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol
purposes, usually with its own station, with the basic
responsibility for administering, directing and
controlling the patrol force in his district.
F. Area- a section or territorial division of a large city, each
comprised of districts, whose officer is appointed to
exercise close command and supervision of districts
commander.
Time Units
a. Watch or shift- a time division of the day for purposes
or assignments
b. Platoon- personnel assigned to one shift or watch
which maybe composed of several squads assigned to
sectors of the city or the district.
4. Motorcycle Patrol- Primary used for traffic control and
enforcement, their speed and maneuverability make them
indispensable police vehicle.
5. Bay & River Patrol - In some areas surrounded with water,
including inland waterways, various types of sea or water
crafts may be commissioned for police service especially
where smuggling of undocumented people becomes
common.
6. Air Patrol- Except for patrolling long sketches of highway or
expenses of inaccessible land, air patrol has very little
flexibility in congested metropolitan areas. They are however
excellent for traffic control in long stretches of highways, and
for search and surveillance, and other special missions. The
air patrol on the other hand, has the advantage of being able
to travel at low speeds, to cover if necessary, and to land even
in inaccessible areas because of its special take-off and
landing capabilities. It is useful for rescue, medical
evacuation, general patrol, criminal apprehension, crime
prevention and repression, emergency transportation,
surveillance and other activities.
7. Mobile Patrol- The mobile patrol is the most extensively
used and the most effective means of transportation
for police patrol. Equipped with the latest kind of
police gear, it provides a rapid, safe, efficient means of
transportation under average operating conditions.
8. Fixed Surveillance- Although not a means of
transportation, it must not be overlooked as a type of
patrol. Usually accomplished either in persons with the
used of televisions cameras or monitors, or stop-frame
photography which makes it possible for the police to
watch several locations at the same time for immediate
response when necessary. Various types of listening
and viewing devices are being used to supplement
routine patrol in line with the concept of pro-active
patrol.
Types of Patrol Pattern
1. The Clockwise Pattern- The objective of the clockwise patrol
pattern at the start of the eight (8) hours tour of duty is for the
patrol officer to survey the situation and condition of the
boundaries of his area of responsibility, for the next forthcoming
hours, his technique will be zigzag, counter clockwise or the
straight way and criss-cross pattern.
2. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern- This is done by patrolling the
streets within the perimeter of the beats, not at random, but with
a definite target location where he knows his presence is
necessary, this action is of course based on his study of the
situations and conditions of his beats.
3. Straightway and Criss-cross Pattern- straightway pattern is
patrolling the length of a street, and therefore, the easiest to
observe the moment of the patrol officer. Whereas, the criss-
cross is more or less similar to zig-zagging.
4. Counter Clockwise Pattern- This technique is simply the reverse of
clockwise pattern. It is done at the last eight (8) hour tour of duty
in order to ensure that nothing unusual happened in his area of
responsibility. An outgoing patrol officer must not leave his beat
unless properly relieved.
Community-Oriented-Policing System
It is new policing concept that combines the
familiarity, trust and sense of belongingness
characterized by the “beat cop” with the
professionalism and expertise of the professional
policing model.
What are Attractive Nuisances and Patrol Hazards
• 1. Attractive Nuisances
It is known doctrine of law wherein an individual is said to be
maintaining on his premises, business or residential a condition,
instrumentality, machine, or other agency that is dangerous to
young children because of their inability to appreciate peril,
which may reasonably be expected to attract children to such
premises, and that one therefore has a duty to the children, and
the society in general, to exercise reasonable care to protect
against the dangers of such attraction.

• 2. Patrol Hazard
This term is frequently used to describe a specific condition or
place that requires the patrol officer’s special attention. The
hazard may be a bar where fights frequently occur. It may be an
abandoned digging filled with stagnant water and used as a
swimming hole by children or an abandoned building or a
haunted house used for illegal activities.
• The Strategic Objectives of Omni-Presence
•
• The patrol officer to be seen alert and on constant
patrolling so as to establish a highly visible police presence,
hence, to make his presence psychologically be felt in spite of
his physical absence, hereby creating:
•
• 1. A feeling of security on the part of the law abiding
citizen.
•
• 2. A feeling of fear on the part of the would-be
violator.
•
• 3. A feeling of confidence that the police are
constantly available to respond to any situation at a
moment’s notice.
•
• Types of Patrol Pattern
• 1. The Clockwise Pattern
•
• The objective of the clockwise patrol pattern at the start
of the eight (8) hours tour of duty is for the patrol officer to
survey the situation and condition of the boundaries of his
area of responsibility, for the next forthcoming hours, his
technique will be zigzag, counter clockwise or the straight
way and criss-cross pattern.
•
• 2. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern
•
• This is done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter
of the beats, not at random, but with a definite target
location where he knows his presence is necessary, this action
is of course based on his study of the situations and
conditions of his beats.
•
• 3. Straightway and Criss-cross Pattern
•
• The straightway pattern is patrolling the length of a street,
and therefore, the easiest to observe the moment of the patrol
officer. Whereas, the criss-cross is more or less similar to zig-
zagging.
•
• What is important is that the moment techniques of a patrol
officer must have a purpose and objective, it is not aimless nor at
random. The observation of the patrol officer must keenly be
aimed at person and things, the sources of hazards. It is the hazard
which must immediately be remedied and remove within the beat
through appropriate police action.

• 4. Counter Clockwise Pattern

• This technique is simply the reverse of clockwise pattern. It is
done at the last eight (8) hour tour of duty in order to ensure that
nothing unusual happened in his area of responsibility. An
outgoing patrol officer must not leave his beat unless properly
relieved.
• Community-Oriented Policing System: The Philippine Setting
Basically, it was derived from the “Koban Policing System” of Japan,
sensing its effectivity the Philippine National Police hierarchy has
architected and gradually embraced a new philosophy in its crime
prevention and control undertaking, which gave birth to the
Community Oriented Policing System (COPS), with the primary
purpose of addressing the crime by knowing its root causes, and to
maintain peace and order through the involvement of the citizenry.

• Community-Oriented-Policing System
It is new policing concept that combines the familiarity, trust and
sense of belongingness characterized by the “beat cop” with the
professionalism and expertise of the professional policing model.

• What is a Beat Cop

It is a policeman patrolling the streets or locality around the clock by
maintaining direct contact with local residents to prevent crimes.
Patrols may be by foot, bicycle or mobile.