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    The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad

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    Jade Alciso
    The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful campaign for reforms in the Philippines led by Filipino ilustrados like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena. They organized abroad and used writing and speeches to expose the abuses of Spanish colonial rule and push for reforms like equality under the law and representation in the Spanish parliament. Their flagship publication was the newspaper La Solidaridad, which published articles attacking friars and colonial officials from 1889 to 1895. While the movement failed to achieve its goals, it established ideals of freedom and justice that paved the way for the Philippine Revolution led by Bonifacio in 1896.

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    The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad

    Uploaded by

    Jade Alciso
    13K views30 pages
    The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful campaign for reforms in the Philippines led by Filipino ilustrados like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena. They organized abroad and used writing and speeches to expose the abuses of Spanish colonial rule and push for reforms like equality under the law and representation in the Spanish parliament. Their flagship publication was the newspaper La Solidaridad, which published articles attacking friars and colonial officials from 1889 to 1895. While the movement failed to achieve its goals, it established ideals of freedom and justice that paved the way for the Philippine Revolution led by Bonifacio in 1896.

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    The propaganda movement

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    The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful campaign for reforms in the Philippines led by Filipino ilustrados like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena. They organized abroad and used writing and speeches to expose the abuses of Spanish colonial rule and push for reforms like equality under the law and representation in the Spanish parliament. Their flagship publication was the newspaper La Solidaridad, which published articles attacking friars and colonial officials from 1889 to 1895. While the movement failed to achieve its goals, it established ideals of freedom and justice that paved the way for the Philippine Revolution led by Bonifacio in 1896.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13K views30 pages

    The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad

    Uploaded by

    Jade Alciso
    The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful campaign for reforms in the Philippines led by Filipino ilustrados like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena. They organized abroad and used writing and speeches to expose the abuses of Spanish colonial rule and push for reforms like equality under the law and representation in the Spanish parliament. Their flagship publication was the newspaper La Solidaridad, which published articles attacking friars and colonial officials from 1889 to 1895. While the movement failed to achieve its goals, it established ideals of freedom and justice that paved the way for the Philippine Revolution led by Bonifacio in 1896.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are that the Propaganda Movement was a peaceful campaign for reforms in the Philippines that began in 1872 in response to the execution of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. It aimed for reforms like equality before the law and representation in the Spanish government.

    The Propaganda Movement was a peaceful crusade for reforms led by Filipino exiles and students abroad in response to abuses under Spanish rule. It began in 1872 and used writings and speeches to campaign for changes to the colonial system.

    The aims of the Propaganda Movement were equality before the law, assimilation as a Spanish province, restoration of Philippine representation in Spain's lawmaking body, Filipinization of parishes, and individual liberties for Filipinos.

    THE PROPAGANDA

    MOVEMENT AND
    LA SOLIDARIDAD
    After 1872, Philippine conditions went from bad to worse, the
    deportation of Filipino leaders to Spanish penal colonies, the
    persecution of the intellectuals, and the abuses of the Spanish
    masters continued unabated.
    The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic students abroad
    met in Hong Kong, Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, London,
    and other foreign cities, inspired by a common cause, they banded
    together and consecrated themselves to the work of promoting the
    welfare and happiness of their fatherland. Aggressively but
    peacefully, by means of their writings and speeches, they crusaded
    for reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish colonial system.
    The peaceful campaign for reforms was known in Philippine
    history as the “Propaganda Movement”. It began in 1872, when
    Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were executed at the Luneta and
    ended in 1896 when Rizal was exiled to Dapitan.
    OVERVIEW
    -THE MARTYRDOM OF Gom-Bur-Za, instead of
    frightening the Filipino patriots, made them
    more determined to fight the evils of Spanish
    Rule.
    - At the time of execution, leading the march
    was Francisco Saldua, with a smile on his
    lips for he thought he would be given pardon,
    next is Father Gomez, Father Zamora and
    Father Burgos.
    “Dear father, I know very well that a leaf of a tree does not
    move without the will of the Creator; inasmuch as he asks
    that I die in this place, may His will be done.”
    – Father Gomez
    “Gentlemen, I forgive you, and may God forgive you like I
    do…But what crime Have I committed? Is it possible that I
    should die this way? My God, is there no more justice on
    earth?”. – Father Burgos
    THE
    PROPAGANDA
    MOVEMENT
    - The illustrados, led by Dr.Jose Rizal, M.H. del Pilar, and
    Graciano Lopez Jaena, organized the Propaganda Movement
    which was a peaceful crusade for reforms.
    - These Patriots were called Propagandist because they waged
    their movement by means of pen and tongue to expose the
    defects of Spanish rule in the Philippines and the urgency of
    reforms to remedy them.
    AIMS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
    • Equality of Filipinos and the Spaniards before the law
    • Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of
    Spain
    • Restoration of Philippine representation in the Cortes, the
    law making body of Spain
    • Filipinization of Philippine parishes
    • Individual liberties for the Filipinos
    THE PROPAGANDISTS
    The members were from the middle class families representing the group of
    Filipino Intelegencia.
    • Jose Rizal: the greatest novelist of the movement
     • He wrote his poetical masterpiece entitled Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last
    Farewell), Noli Me Tangere (1887), El Filibusterismo (1891)
    • Marcelo H. Del Pilar of Bulacan
    • a lawyer and journalist, beloved by the masses for his eloquent Tagalog and
    fearless defense of the poor against friar abuses.
    • Graciano Lopez Jaena
    • the greatest orator of the Propaganda Movement
    OTHER PROPAGANDISTS
    Mariano Ponce, medical student and biographical writer;
    Juan Luna and Felix Ressurreccion Hidalgo, master of the
    brush; Dr. Pedro A. Paterno, lawyer and man of letters;
    Antonio Luna, Pharmacist and Essayist; Pedro Serrano
    Laktaw, teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso de bouron (later king
    Alfonso XIII of Spain); Jose Ma. Panganiban, Linguists and
    Essayist; Fernando Canon, Engineer and Musician; Jose
    Alejandrino, Engineer and Political writer; Isabelo delos
    Reyes, Folklorist, newspaperman, and scholar; and
    Dominador Gomez, physician and orator.
    LA
    SOLIDARIDAD
    • The official organ/magazine/newspaper of
    the Propaganda Movement
    • Graciano Lopez Jaena served as founder
    and the first editor
    • The first issue was published in Barcelona
    Spain on February 15, 1889
    • The focus on the article was more on
    demands for social and political reforms in
    the Philippines.
    • The subjects of most articles were attacks
    against the friars and the abusive Spanish
    colonial officials.
    La Solidaridad was printed in
    Barcelona from February 15 to
    October 31, 1889 until last issue on
    November 15,1895. On December
    1889, M.H. del Pilar replaced Jaena
    as its editor, remaining as such until
    the demise of La Solidaridad on
    November 15, 1895, after an
    existence of seven years.
    EDITORIAL OF THE FIRST ISSUE OF LA
    SOLIDARIDAD
    “Our aspirations are modest, very modest. Our program aside from being
    simple, is clear: to combat reaction, to stop all retrogressive steps, to extol and
    adopt liberal ideas, to defend progress; in a word, to be a propagandist, above all,
    of democratic ideas in order to make these supreme in all nations here and across
    the seas. The aims, therefore, of La Solidaridad are described as to collect, to
    gather, libertarian ideas, which are, manifested daily in the field of politics, science,
    art, literature, commerce, agriculture and industry. We shall also discuss all
    problems relating to the general interest of the nation and seek solutions to those
    problems in high-level and democratic manner. With regard to the Philippines, since
    she needs the most help, not being represented in the Cortes, we shall pay
    particular attention to the defense of her democratic rights, the accomplishment of
    which is our patriotic duty. That nation of eight million souls, should not , must not
    be the exclusive preserve of theocracy and traditionalism.”
    AIMS OF LA SOLIDARIDAD
    • To work for political and social reforms peacefully
    • To present the sad conditions in the Philippines so that
    Spain can remedy them
    • To oppose the evil influences of reaction and outmoded
    beliefs and practices
    • To advocate liberal ideas and progress
    • To champion the just aspirations of the Filipinos to life,
    democracy and happiness
    PEN NAMES OF THE MEMBERS

    MARCELO H. DEL PILAR JOSE RIZAL GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

    PLARIDEL DIMAS-ALANG, DIEGO LAURA


    LAONG LAAN
    MARIANO PONCE ANTONIO LUNA JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN

    NANING, TAGA-ILOG JOMAPA


    TIKBALANG,
    KALIPULAKO
    Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos
    LAONG LAAN
    We know their present. Now what will their future be?
    Will the Philippine Islands continue to be a Spanish
    colony, and if so, what kind of colony? Will they become a
    province of Spain, with or without autonomy? And to
    reach this stage, what kind of sacrifices will have to be
    made? Will they be separated from the mother country to
    live independently, to fall into the hands of other nations,
    or to ally themselves with neighboring powers?
    Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas 4) the system of education offered by the
    LAONG LAAN colonizers was impractical as it was mainly about
    This logical essay is a proof of the national repetitive prayers and had nothing to do with
    hero’s historical scholarship. The essay rationally agricultural and industrial technology;
    countered the accusations by Spaniards that
    5) the Spaniards were a bad example as
    Filipinos were indolent during the Spanish reign. It
    was published in La Solidaridad in five consecutive negligent officials would come in late and leave
    issues on July (15 and 31), August (1 and 31) and early in their offices and Spanish women were
    September 1, 1890. always followed by servants;
    Rizal explained the alleged Filipino indolence 6) gambling like cockfights was established,
    by pointing to these factors: promoted, and explicitly practiced by Spanish
    1) the Galleon Trade destroyed the previous links of government officials and friars themselves
    the Philippines with other countries in Asia and the especially during feast days;
    Middle East, thereby eradicating small local
    businesses and handicraft industries; 7) the crooked system of religion discouraged the
    2) the Spanish forced labor compelled the Filipinos natives to work hard by teaching that it is easier
    to work in shipyards, roads, and other public works, for a poor man to enter heaven; and
    thus abandoning their agricultural farms and 8) the very high taxes were discouraging as big
    industries; part of natives’ earnings would only go to the
    3) many Filipinos became landless and wanderers officials and friars.
    because Spain did not defend them against pirates
    and foreign invaders;
    FAILURE OF THE PROPAGANDA
    MOVEMENT
    - The Propaganda Movement failed, but the ideas of freedom
    and justice which it sowed paved the ground for the Philippine
    Revolution that the Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio began in
    the hills of Balintawak in August 1896.
    FACTORS
    1. Lack of unity among the propagandists (The conflicts
    between Lopez Jaena - del Pilar, and Rizal - del
    Pilar.)
    2. Lack of funds
    3. No strong leader aside from Rizal
    4. Spanish government did not agree to any of its
    demands
    LA LIGA FILIPINA
    While living in Hong Kong, Rizal conceived the idea of establishing
    a civic association composed of Filipinos. He called it the Liga Filipina
    (Philippine League). He wrote its constitution with the help of Jose Ma.
    Basa, an exile of 1872. After finishing the constitution, he returned to
    Manila.
    • Unus instar Omnium (One like All)
    • Founded by Jose Rizal on July 03, 1892 at Ilaya Street in Tondo
    • The constitution was written in Hong Kong with the help of Jose
    Ma. Basa
    Shortly after arriving in Manila on June 26, 1892,
    Rizal conferred with Governor General Despujol. He
    succeeded in obtaining a pardon for his family, but
    failed to secure sanction for his project to establish
    a Filipino colony in Borneo.
    On the night of July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the
    Liga Filipina (Philippine League) in a house at Ilaya
    Street, Tondo.
    AIMS OF THE LEAGUE
    The Constitution states:
    • Union of the Philippine Archipelago into a
    compact, strong and homogeneous body.
    • Mutual protection of the members
    • Defense against all violence and injustice
    • Encouragement of education, agriculture and
    commerce
    • Study and application of reforms
    The motto of the Liga Filipina was Unus Instar
    Omnium.
    The officers were as follows: Ambrosio Salvador,
    president; Agustin de la Rosa, fiscal; Bonidacio
    Arevalo, treasurer and Deodato Arellano, secretary.
    Among the members were Andres Bonifacio,
    Apolinario Mabini, Mamerito Natividad, Ambrosio
    Rianzares Bautista, Moises Salvador, Jose A. Dizon,
    Domingo Franco, Timoteo Paez, Arcadio del Rosario,
    Numeriano Andrano, Timoteo Lanuza and Doroteo
    The Arrest of Jose Rizal
    • July 7, 1892: Gen. Eulogio Despujol ordered
    Rizal’s arrest and imprisonment at Fort Santiago
    • July 15: He was put into exile in Dapitan
    • This marked the fall of the La Liga Filipina
    • Some members, led by Apolinario Mabini, tried to
    revive the league but he failed because many members,
    including Andres Bonifacio, believed that it was useless to
    expect reforms from the corrupt Spaniards.
    Rizal’s exile to Dapitan proved to be the swan song of the
    Propaganda Movement. The Liga Filipina collapsed. The radical
    Andres Bonifacio and other radical members separated from it, for
    they were disenchanted by the peaceful campaign. The conservative
    Liga members, including Domingo Franco, Numeriano Andriano,
    Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista. Timoteo Paez and Apolinario Mabini,
    organized themselves into a new group called Los Compromisaros
    because each member pledged or promised to contribute money for
    the financial aid of the Propaganda Movement in Spain.
    For some months, the Compromisarios sent funds to
    M.H del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La
    Solidaridad. But time came when many members of the
    Compromisarios stopped paying their contributions so that
    the flow of funds to Spain ceased. And for lack of funds, La
    Solidaridad died out after its last issue on November 15,
    1895.
    The Founding of the Katipunan
    With the demise of La Solidaridad, the Propaganda
    Movement came to a futile end.
    Andres Bonifacio, a member of the Liga Filipina , did not
    join the Compromisarios who were conservative
    intellectuals and affluent merchants because he was both
    poor and a man of action and radical views. He firmly
    believed that the happiness and welfare of the Filipino
    people could not be achieved by peaceful requests for
    reforms, but by violent revolution.
    THANK YOU
    & GOD BLESS!
    

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