Microstrip Patch Antenna

MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA
R.ANURAG
17311A04L2
ECE-D
SNIST
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS
 FRINGING EFFECT
 FEEDING METHODS
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IS A METALLIC PATCH PLACED ON

DIELECTRIC MATERIAL AND SUPPORTED BY GROUND
PLANE
 IT IS THE MOST WIDELY USED ANTENNA
 THESE ANTENNAS ARE USUALLY OPERATED FOR
MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES
 THESE ARE ALSO CALLED AS “PRINTED ANTENNAS”
ARRAY OF PATCH ANTENNAS
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF A PATCH
IMPORTANT PARAMETERS
 ‘L’=LENGTH OF THE PATCH

 ‘W’=WIDTH OF THE PATCH
 L=(λ/2)
 FREQUENCY OF OPERATION f=c/[2L√ r]
 ‘W’ CONTROLS –
i. INPUT IMPEDANCE
ii. BANDWIDTH
iii. RADIATION PATTERN
FRINGING EFFECT
HOW TO INCREASE FRINGING?

• BY CHOOSING LOWER DIELECTRIC
CONSTANT
• BY INCREASING HEIGHT OF
DIELECTRIC
• BY HAVING HIGHER WIDTH OF PATCH
• HENCE WE CAN SAY THAT THE
WORKING IS ALMOST SIMILAR TO A
PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR
VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO(VSWR)
 THE PARAMETER VSWR IS A MEASURE THAT NUMERICALLY

DESCRIBES HOW WELL THE ANTENNA IS IMPEDANCE MATCHED TO
THE TRANSMISSION LINE IT IS CONNECTED TO.
 VSWR IS DETERMINED FROM THE VOLTGE MEASURED ALONG A
TRANSMISSION LINE LEADING TO AN ANTENNA.
 VSWR IS THE RATIO OF THE PEAK AMPLITUDE OF A STANDING WAVE
TO THE MINIMUM AMPLITUDE OF STANDING WAVE.
 VSWR IS A FUNCTION OF REFLECTION COEFFICIENT, WHICH
DESCRIBES THE POWER REFLECTED FROM THE ANTENNA.
VSWR=(1 + |Γ|)/(1 − |Γ|)
FEEDING METHODS
CONTACTING TYPES:
 LINE FEED
 CO-AXIAL FEED
NON-CONTACTING TYPES:
 APERTURE COUPLED FEED
 PROXIMITY COUPLED FEED
LINE FEED
 IN THIS TYPE OF FEED

TECHNIQUE, A CONDUCTING
STRIP IS CONNECTED DIRECTLY
TO THE EDGE OF THE MICROSTRIP
PACTH
 THIS KIND OF FEED
ARRANGEMENT HAS THE
ADVANTAGE THAT THE FEED CAN
BE MOUNTED ON THE SAME
SUBSTRATE TO PROVIDE A PLANAR
STRUCTURE
CO-AXIAL FEED
THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF THIS TYPE

FEEDING SCHEME IS THAT THE FEED CAN BE
PLACED ANT ANY DESIRED LOCATION INSIDE
THE PATCH IN ORDER TO MATCH WITH ITS
INPUT IMPEDANCE.
HOWEVER, ITS MAJOR DISADVANTAGE IS

THAT ITS COAXIAL GROUND PLANE
CONNECTOR SUBSTRATE PATCH PROVIDES
NARROW BANDWIDTH AND IS DIFFICULT TO
MODEL SINCE A HOLE HAS TO BE DRILLED IN
THE SUBSTRATE.
APERTURE COUPLED FEED
THE MICROSTRIP FEED LINE AND THE
RADIATING PATCH ARE SEPERATED BY
THE GROUN PLANE.
COUPLING BETWEEN THE PATCH AND THE
FEED LINE IS MADE THROUGH A SLOT OR
AN APERTURE IN THE GROUND PLANE
THE AMOUNT OF COUPLING IS
DETERMINED BY THE SHAPE, SIZE AND
LOCATION OF THE APERTURE
PROXIMITY COUPLED FEED
 TWO DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES ARE USED SUCH THAT
THE FEED LINE IS BETWEEN THE TWO SUBSTRATES AND
THE RADIATING PATCH IS ON THE TOP OF THE UPPER
SUBSTRATE.
 THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF THIS FEED TECHNIQUE IS
THAT IT ELIMINATES SPURIOUS FEED RADIATION AND
PROVIDES VERY HIGH BANDWIDTH DUE TO OVERALL
INCREASE IN THE THICKNESS OF THE SUBSTRATE.
 THE MAJOR DISADVANTAGE IS THAT IT IS DIFFICULT TO
FABRICATE IN WHICH BOTH THE DIELECTRIC
SUBSTRATES NEED PROPERALIGNMENT.
ADVANTAGES
 SMALL SIZE
 LOW FABRICATION COST, MANUFACTURED IN LARGE
QUANTITIES
 LOW COST
 LESS WEIGHT
 HIGH PERFORMANCE
 EASILY INTEGRATED WITH MIC’s
 LINEAR AND CROSS POLARISATION CAN BE ACHIEVED
DISADVANTAGES
 NARROW BANDWIDTH
 RADIATION IN HALF PLANE
 LOW EFFICIENCY
 GAIN AROUND (5 TO 7dB) BY SINGLE PATH
 LOW POWER HANDLING CAPACITY
 EXCITES SURFACE WAVES
APPLICATIONS
 MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

 DIRECT BROADCAST TELEVISION(DBS)
 GPS SYSTEM
 UHF PATCH ANTENNAS FOR SPACE
 MISSILES AND TELEMETRY
 WIRELESS LAN’s
REFERENCES
 1. G. A. Deschamps, “Microstrip Microwave Antennas,” Presented

at the third USAR Symposium on Antennas, vol. 1, pp. 189-195,
1953.
 2. K. R. Carver, J. W. Mink, “Microstrip Antenna Technology”.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 29, pp. 2-24,
January 1981.
 3. R. E. Munson, “Conformal Microstrip Antennas and Microstrip
Phased Arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagation, vol. 22, no. 1,
pp. 74-78, January 1974.
SOME RESEARCH PAPERS
TIME FOR QUESTIONS
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MICROSTRIP

 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IS A METALLIC PATCH PLACED ON

 ‘L’=LENGTH OF THE PATCH

HOW TO INCREASE FRINGING?

 THE PARAMETER VSWR IS A MEASURE THAT NUMERICALLY

 IN THIS TYPE OF FEED

THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF THIS TYPE

HOWEVER, ITS MAJOR DISADVANTAGE IS

 MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

 1. G. A. Deschamps, “Microstrip Microwave Antennas,” Presented

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