802.11 Wlan

802.
11 WIRELESS
LANs
PRESENTED BY : APARNA
VLSI AND ES
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT, DIAT, PUNE
TOPICS
 Introduction
 What is IEEE 802.11?
 IEEE 802.11 Architecture
 IEEE 802.11 AMENDMENTS
 Advantages of WLAN
 Disadvantages of WLAN
 Applications of WLAN
Introduction
 WLAN are a flexible data communication systems that can be used for
applications in which mobility is required. Here WLAN stands for
Wireless Local Area Network.
 WLAN is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices
using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN)
within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory,
campus, office building etc. This gives users the ability to move around
within the area and yet still be connected to the network.
Intro( Cont.)
 Norman Abramson, a professor at the University of Hawaii, developed
the world’s first wireless computer communication network.
 WLAN is not a replacement for the wired infrastructure. It is
implemented as an extension to a wired LAN within a building or
campus.
 Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards and are
marketed under the Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity ) brand name.
What is IEEE 802.11?
 IEEE 802.11 is part of the IEEE 802 set of LAN protocols, and
specifies the set of media access control (MAC) and physical
layer (PHY) protocols for implementing wireless local area
network (WLAN) Wi-Fi computer communication in various
frequencies, including but not limited to 2.4, 5, and 60 GHz frequency
bands.
 Since Wi-Fi was first released to consumers in 1997, Wi-Fi standards
have been continually evolving – typically resulting in faster speeds and
further coverage. As capabilities are added to the original IEEE 802.11
standard, they become known by their amendment (802.11b, 802.11g,
etc.)
 Original 802.11 was at 1 and 2 Mbps. Newer versions at 11Mbps,
54Mbps, 108Mbps, 200Mbps etc.
 Supports both Ad-hoc and base station.
IEEE 802.11 Architecture
There are two types of WLAN network that can be formed using a Wi-Fi
system:
 infrastructure networks
 ad-hoc networks
Different topologies involved in IEEE 802.11 architecture:

 STA: Station
 BSA: Basic Service Area= cell
 AP: Access point is basically a Base Station.
 BSS: Basic Service Set = set of stations
Each BSA may have several APs but one BSS associated with one AP
only.
 DS: Distribution System= wired backbone
IEEE 802.11 Architecture( cont.)
 ESA: Extended Service Area= Multiple BSAs interconnected via
distribution system.
 ESS: Extended Service Set= set of BSS connected via distribution
system.
 IBSS: Independent Basic Service Set = A BSS that stands alone and is
not connected to a base is called an Independent Basic Service Set
(IBSS) or is referred to as an Ad-Hoc Network.
 Portal: It is used to integrate the 802.11 architecture with a traditional
wired LAN. All data from non-802.11 LANs enters the 802.11
architecture via a portal.
IEEE 802.11 AMENDMENTS
 802.11b
 802.11a
 802.11g
 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)
 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)
 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)
802.11b
 IEEE 802.11b was the first Wi-Fi standard to be widely adopted.
 802.11b uses the same 2.4 GHz frequency as the original 802.11
standard.
 It supports a maximum theoretical rate of 11 Mbps and has a range up
to 150 feet.
 802.11b components are cheap, but the standard has the slowest
maximum speed of all the 802.11 standards.
802.11b specification
PARAMETER VALUE
Date of standard approval July 1999
Maximum data rate (Mbps) 11
Typical data rate (Mbps) 5
Typical range indoors (Metres) ~30
Modulation CCK (DSSS)
RF Band (GHz) 2.4
Channel width (MHz) 20

802.11a
 IEEE 802.11a standard is the first standard in the IEEE 802.11 series.
 It provides wireless connectivity in the 5 GHz ISM band to give raw
data speeds of up to 54Mbps.
 It was released at the same time as IEEE 802.11b which was aimed at
connectivity using the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
 IEEE 802.11a was more costly and a little more difficult to implement
as it operated at 5 GHz rather than 2.4 GHz and as a result it was less
widely used.
 802.11a offers a few advantages over 802.11b: it operates in the less
crowded 5 GHz frequency band, making it less prone to interference.
 It introduced a more complex technique, known as OFDM (orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing) for generating the wireless signal.
802.11a specification
PARAMETER VALUE
Date of standard approval July 1999
>Maximum data rate (Mbps) 54
Typical data rate (Mbps) 25
Typical range indoors (Metres) ~30
Modulation OFDM
RF Band (GHz) 5

802.11g
 Introduced in 2003 IEEE 802.11g Wi-Fi became the main standard for
a number of years providing high speed wireless data.
 IEEE 802.11g was one of the main Wi-Fi standards to follow on from
802.11a and 802.11b.
 Like 802.11a, it supports a maximum theoretical rate of 54 Mbps. But
like 802.11b, it operates in the crowded 2.4 GHz (and thus is subject to
the same interference issues as 802.11b).
 With 802.11g, consumers enjoyed a significant advance in Wi-Fi speeds
and coverage.
 At the same time, consumer wireless routers were getting better, with
higher power and better coverage than earlier generations.
802.11g specifications
FEATURE 802.11G
Date of standard approval June 2003
Modulation CCK, DSSS, or OFDM
RF Band (GHz) 2.4

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)
 Introduced in 2009 IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi standard adopted technologies

including OFDM and MIMO to enable it to provide high speed data at
600 Mbps peak.
 With the 802.11n standard, Wi-Fi became even faster and more
reliable.
 802.11n uses MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) where multiple
transmitters/receivers operate simultaneously at one or both ends of
the link.
 This provides a significant increase in data without needing a higher
bandwidth or transmit power.
 802.11n operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
IEEE 802.11n specification
PARAMETER IEEE 802.11N STANDARD
RF Band (GHz) 2.4 or 5
Modulation CCK, DSSS, or OFDM
Channel width (MHz) 20, or 40

802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)
 IEEE 802.11ac was developed to enable data transfer with a minimum

speed of around 1 Gbps and a maximum of up to nearly 7 Gbps.
 By achieving these speeds users are able to download and watch even
HD video or transfer other large files very quickly.
802.11ac Gigabit Wi-Fi specification
PARAMETER DETAILS
Frequency band 5.8 GHz ISM (unlicensed) band
Max data rate 6.93 Gbps
Transmission bandwidth 20, 40, & 80 MHz
160 & 80 + 80 MHz optional
Modulation formats BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM

256-QAM optional
MIMO Both single and multi-user MIMO

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)
 IEEE 802.11ax is a new Wi-Fi standard being developed which provide

some significant improvements over 802.11ac in terms of spectral
efficiency and user access and hence better performance.
 The new 802.11ax is still in its early stages of development, but it is
anticipated that it will provide up to four times the speed of 11ac.
 802.11ax aims to resolve is that of mutual interference between
different access points.
 Technologies involved in 802.11ax:

OFDMA: is a form of signal format that uses a large number of close
spaced carriers that are each modulated with low rate data stream and by
making the signals orthogonal to each other there is no mutual
interference.
MIMO: uses multiple antennas to enable signals travelling via different
paths as a result of reflections, etc., to be separated and their capability
used to improve the data throughput and the signal to noise ratio, thereby
improving system performance.
Modulation: In order to enable the very high data rates required, where
applicable 802.11ax will utilise high order modulation. BPSK right up to
1024QAM will be able to be used dependent upon the channel
condictions.
Frequency bands: Current thinking is the 802.11ax will operate in the
2.4 and 5 GHz ISM bands.
OBSS interference handling: overlapping basic service sets
interference handling techniques is being considered as a way of
improving performance.
Advantages of WLAN
 Installation speed and simplicity

• No cable to pull.
• Few transmitters/receivers for multiple for users.
 Reduced cost-of-ownership
• Mobile devices are less expensive than computer workstations.
• No need to build wiring closets.
 Mobility
• Access to real-time information.
• Promotes flexibility.
• Supports productivity.
Disadvantages of WLAN
 Cost
• Wireless network cards cost 4 times more than wired network cards.
• The access points are more expensive than hubs and wires.
 Environmental Conditions
• Susceptible to weather and solar activity.
• Constrained by buildings, trees etc.
Applications of WLAN
 Office/Campus Environment
 Factory Shop Floor
 Homes
 Workgroup Environment
 Heritage Buildings
 Public Places
 War/Defense Sites

802.11 Wlan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

802.11 Wlan

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

802.11 Wlan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

802.

Different topologies involved in IEEE 802.11 architecture:

Date of standard approval July 1999

Maximum data rate (Mbps) 11

Typical data rate (Mbps) 5

Typical range indoors (Metres) ~30

Modulation CCK (DSSS)

RF Band (GHz) 2.4

Channel width (MHz) 20

Date of standard approval July 1999

>Maximum data rate (Mbps) 54

Typical data rate (Mbps) 25

Typical range indoors (Metres) ~30

Channel width (MHz) 20

Date of standard approval June 2003

Maximum data rate (Mbps) 54

Modulation CCK, DSSS, or OFDM

RF Band (GHz) 2.4

Channel width (MHz) 20

 Introduced in 2009 IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi standard adopted technologies

PARAMETER IEEE 802.11N STANDARD

Maximum data rate (Mbps) 600

RF Band (GHz) 2.4 or 5

Modulation CCK, DSSS, or OFDM

Channel width (MHz) 20, or 40

 IEEE 802.11ac was developed to enable data transfer with a minimum

Modulation formats BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM

MIMO Both single and multi-user MIMO

 IEEE 802.11ax is a new Wi-Fi standard being developed which provide

 Technologies involved in 802.11ax:

 Installation speed and simplicity

You might also like