A PRESENTATION ON

Project Title DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION LINE VOLTAGE MONITORING

AND ALERT SYSTEM

Prepared By
Team member 1 (Roll No)
Team member 2 (Roll No)
Team member 3 (Roll No)

Guided By
Prof. Guide Name

ACADEMIC YEAR-2018-19
 Contents

Introduction
Motivation/ Problem Statement

Literature survey

Proposed Work

Block diagram & System

Expected Result

Applications

Advantages & Disadvantages

References

Project title 2
 Introduction

• The microcontroller used for this project is Atmega 328. Now a days many times out of
three phases one of the phase cut’s off and the circuit breaker trips at that time the
MSEB Operator has to operate it manually by turning on the at the time of office hours at
that time the hooter shouts and gives us an alert. Keeping in mind the day to day life of
human being, the circumstances which occur due to power instability issues we decided
to design such a system which would overcome this issues ultimately and help to reduce
human efforts too. Secondly in order to overcome the various phase change issue and
avoid damages in industries and automation area plus hospitals & airports

Project title

3
 SCOPE OF PROJECT

• Main aim of project is automatic phase switch which give input as 230v ac to input power to single
phase output application.
• To design system which does not require backup like generator.
• To design system which operate automatically.
• To implement system which work uninterrupted power for critical Loads in power failure condition.

Project title 4
 Literature Survey

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATIC THREE PHASE CHANGER USING LM324 QUAD INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Author :- Oduobuk, E. J., Ettah, E. B. , Ekpenyong, E. E.

Design and implementation of an automatic three phase changer using LM324 quad integrated circuit was carried out. The system was designed and
simulated using (Multisim). The circuit components were mounted a Vero board. LM324 integrated circuit (comparator) and 2N2222 transistors were used
as active components alongside other passive components. Result shows that, when the three phase a.c inputs: Red phase ( ), yellow phase ( ) and blue
phase ( ) from public utility supply was fed to the system, the system compared the inputs with regard to phase imbalances, and the input with the highest
voltage appears across the output. It also changes over from one phase to another immediately the circuit senses further phase imbalance.

Project title 5
 Literature Survey
AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGER
Author :- Bhanu Bhawesh

In three-phase applications, if low voltage is available in any one or two phases, and you want your
equipment to work on normal voltage, this circuit will solve your problem. However, a proper-rating fuse
needs to be used in the input lines (R, Y and B) of each phase. The circuit provides correct voltage in the
same power supply lines through relays from the other phase where correct voltage is available. Using it
you can operate all your equipment even when correct voltage is available on a single phase in the building.
The circuit is built around a transformer, comparator, transistor and relay. Three identical sets of this circuit,
one each for three phases, are used.The mains power supply phase R is stepped down by transformer X1 to
deliver 12V, 300 mA, which is rectified by diode D1 and filtered by capacitor C1 to produce the operating
voltage for the operational amplifier (IC1). The voltage at inverting pin 2 of operational amplifier IC1 is
taken from the voltage divider circuit of resistor R1 and preset resistor VR1. VR1 is used to set the
reference voltage according to the requirement. The reference voltage at non-inverting pin 3 is fixed to 5.1V
through zener diode ZD1. The phase voltage is compared against the reference voltage and if the phase
voltage is low the relay trips and shifts the load to other phase.
Project title 6
 LOGIC
DEVELOPMENT
This project is designed to check the availability of any live phase, and the load will be
connected to the particular live phase only. Even a single phase is available, and then also,
the load will be in ON condition. This project is designed with ARDUINO UNO MCU. This
controller continuously checks for live condition of all phases connected to it, and the
controller connects the load to the active phase using a Relay. This relay is driven with a
transistor. If two or three phases are live, the load will be connected to phase I only. An LCD
is provided to display the status of the phase condition. Contrast control preset is given for
LCD contrast control. This project uses regulated 12V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three
terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is
used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

Project title 7
 METHODOLOGY

We implement system automatic active phase selector. This project divided into three
parts input section controlling section and output section.
In input section we continuously check three phase. we check in this section if any
phase absence
In controlling section microcontroller continuously take output from input section
For different condition of input microcontroller send different signal to output section.
In output If no phase absence load in output will on first phase.
If any phase absence load in output shift to live phase with the help of microcontroller
through relay circuit.
Current data will be displayed on web server using thingspeak.
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Project title 8
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Project title 9
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Project title 10
 CALCULATION

Transformer :
Input Voltage : 220V
Output Voltage : 16 V
Output current : 1.5 A
Power : 24 Watts
Phase : Single Phase

Project title 11
 CALCULATION

Regulator ic:-
Lm7805:
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 5
Lm7809:
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 9
Lm7812:
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 12

Project title 12
 CALCULATION

ACS712 Current Sensor Module:

Supply Voltage: 4.5V ~ 5.5V DC
Measure Current Range: -20A ~ 20A
Sensitivity: 100mV/A

Relay:
SRD-12vDC,
operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc.

LM35 Temperature Sensors:

Operates from 4 V to 30 V
Rated for Full−55°C to 150°C Range

Project title 13
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

• ARDUINO UNO
• CURRENT SENSOR
• VOLTAGE SENSOR
• FREQUENCY SENSOR
• RELAY
• BUZZER
• LCD
• IOT MODULE
• TRASFORMER

Project title 14
 ARDUINO UNO

MicrocontrollerATmega328
Operating Voltage5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide
PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of
which 0.5 KB used by bootloader S
RAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

Project title 15
 LCD DISPLAY

SPECIFICATION
Display :- 16 Char* 2 Lines
Controller:-LSI HD44780 IN BUILT
Power Supply :- + 5v Dc
Display Color :-Gray
Weight :- 35g

16
VOLTAGE SENSOR

Dimensions: 28 x 14 x 13 mm(LxWxH).
Weight: 4 gm.
Voltage input range: DC 0-25 V
Voltage detection range: DC 0.02445 V to 25 V
Voltage analog resolution : 0.00489 V

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 CURRENT SENSOR

FEATURES
100 mV/A output sensitivity
5.0 V, single supply operation
Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents
Factory-trimmed for accuracy
Extremely stable output offset voltage
Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis
Ratiometric output from supply voltage
Low-noise analog signal path
Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin
5 µs output rise time in response to step input current
80 kHz bandwidth
Total output error 1.5% at TA = 25°C
Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package
1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance
2.1 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-
4 to pins 5-8

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 IOT MODULE(ESP8266)

Technical Features
802.11 b / g / n
Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
Built-in TCP / IP protocol stack
Built-in TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
Built-in PLL, voltage regulator and power management components
802.11b mode + 19.5dBm output power
Built-in temperature sensor
Support antenna diversity
off leakage current is less than 10uA
Built-in low-power 32-bit CPU: can double as an application processor
SDIO 2.0, SPI, UART
STBC, 1×1 MIMO, 2×1 MIMO
A-MPDU, A-MSDU aggregation and the 0.4 Within wake
2ms, connect and transfer data packets
standby power consumption of less than 1.0mW (DTIM3)

Project title 19
 Things speak ONLINE WEB
SERVER

ThingSpeak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that lets you collect and store sensor data in
the cloud and develop IoT applications. The ThingSpeak IoT platform provides apps that let
you analyze and visualize your data in MATLAB, and then act on the data. Sensor data can be
sent to ThingSpeak from Arduino , Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone Black, and other hardware.

Project title 20
 Things speak ONLINE WEB
SERVER

Project title 21
 POWER SUPPLY

Project title 22
 TRANSFORMER

Input Voltage : 220V

Output Voltage : 16 V
Output current : 1.5 A
Power : 24 Watts

These product are made using CRGO core which can

work in high flux density without saturation and it has
long life. Winding is made with Super enameled copper
wires. Quality assesment is done in every stage of
production.
Project title 23
 BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Project title 24
 FILTER CAPACITOR

Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and
smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is
maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point
changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.

Project title 25
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Project title 26
 RELAY MODULE

These SPDT relays covers switching capacity of 10A in spite of miniature size for
PCB Mount. Equivalent to Good Sky Part# RW-SH-105D

Contact Rating
10A at 220V AC / 110V AC / 28V DC
Coil Resistance
70ohm 5VDC
Life expectancy
Mechanical 10,000,000 operations at no load
Electrical 100,000 at rated resistive load

Project title 27
 Plan of project

Project title 28
 Advantages & Disadvantages

ADVANTAGES

• Automatic Switching Of The Load Will Decrease Human Errors.

• Controller Will See That The Load Is Balanced At Every Instant Of Time.
• The Switching Time Is Less Because Of Which The Fault Duration On The System Is Very
Less.

Project title 29
 APPLICATIONS

• Can be used in industries and commercial complexes

• Can be used near distribution transformers to switch
the load between phases automatically.
• Hospitals
• Colleges
• Home

Project title 30
 CONCLUSION

In this system we automatically shift phase if any phase absence .

It tested on hardware with some trial n error conditions.
We make some truth table for it n using truth table we checking failure condition & depend on that
condition we shift phase automatically.
The system operates smoothly as expected. It is reliable, durable and portable. The cost involved in
developing it, makes it much more affordable than comparable product.

Project title 31
 Future scope

In future for enhance system we add some module.

Like we can add GSM module in system.
Whenever load fails we send message through GSM to respected
person mobile no also we send location using GPS module.

Project title

32
 THANK YOU

Project title 33
 REFERENCES

[1] Steven M. Hietpas, Mark Naden,”Automatic Voltage regulator using an AC Voltage-Voltage Converter,” IEEE
Transaction on Industrial Application, Vol 36,no 1, January-February 2000.
[2] Gua-Kiang Hung, Chih- chang Chang, “Automatic Phase Shift Method for Islanding Detection of Grid –Connected
Photovoltaic Inverters,” IEEE Transaction On Energy conversion, Vol.18.No.1, March 2003.
[3] Erika Twining, “Grid Current Regulation Of A Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter With an LCL Input Filter,”
Transaction On Power Electronic, Vol .18, No .3 May 2003.
[4] Mariusz Malinowski and Jasinski Marek,”Simple Direct Power Control Of Three Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space
Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM),“ IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronic , Vol.51,No.2,April 2004

[5].Himadri Sil “Design Of Automatic Phase Selector From Any Available Three Phase With The Use Of Logic Gate
And Relay Driver” Ijiet , June 2016 .

Project title 34