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1 Functions

f(x) = x(240 - 2x) The area is given by length x width. The width is 240 - 2x since the fence must be divided between the length and width.

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Jasarine Cabigas
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

1 Functions

f(x) = x(240 - 2x) The area is given by length x width. The width is 240 - 2x since the fence must be divided between the length and width.

Uploaded by

Jasarine Cabigas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Relation and Function

1
A Theory of Relations and Functions

In almost every branch of mathematics, the


concept of relation, specifically of function,
is very important and useful.

relation (function)
 specific type of correspondence between
elements of two sets
A Two-Dimensional Coordinate
System

The most widely used system that sets up


an association between each point in a
plane and a pair of real numbers is the
Cartesian coordinate system.

Cartesian plane
Rectangular coordinate plane
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Definition Relation
Let X and Y be nonempty sets.
A relation S from X to Y is any nonempty
subsets of the cross product of X and Y.

S  X Y
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Relations can be described by


a verbal statements, a set of
ordered pairs, an equation, an
inequality, a table, a graph, or
a mapping.
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Example
1. Any set of points in the rectangular
Cartesian coordinates is a relation in R.

r1= {(1,3),(2,5),(3,8),(4,10)}

r2 = {(-1,0),(2,-3),(.5,1),(2/3,1/2)}
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

2. Equations and Inequalities


Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

3.Tables and graphs also represent relations.


Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Consider again r1= {(1,3),(2,5),(3,8),(4,10)}.

1 3
2 5
3 8
4 10
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Definition : Domain and Range

The domain of a relation r: A → B, denoted by


D(r), is the set containing all the first members
of the ordered pairs while its range, denoted by
R(r,) is the set containing all the second
members of the ordered pairs in r.
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

We can define domain as is the set of all


permissible values of the independent
variable; while range as is the set of all
permissible values of the dependent
variable.

Permissible values of a variable


 will not make the denominator zero
 will not make the radicand of even
index, negative
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

The set of valid input x is


called domain; while range
is the set of corresponding
outputs y.
Relations: Domain, Range, and Rule

Let R be a relation from Set A to Set B.

The domain of R is the set of dom R defined by:


𝒅𝒐𝒎 𝑹 = 𝐚 ∈ 𝐀 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑹 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝒃 ∈ 𝑩
The image or range of R is the set of im R defined by:
im 𝑹 = 𝒃 ∈ 𝑩 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑹 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝒂 ∈ 𝑨
Functions
14
Functions

Definition Function
A function f from A to B is a relation from
A to B where to each a  A , there
corresponds exactly one b  B such that
a , b  f .
A function can also be defined as a set of
ordered pairs in which no two ordered
pairs have the same first component but
different second components. 15
Functions

Definition

Function is a mathematical rule


that takes input and produces
one output for each. (Woo, 2018)

16
SOME EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS

 Functions as set of  Functions as equations


ordered pairs f(x) = x2 + 1
f = {(1,1),(3,5),(4,6),(8,9)}
g(x) = 4 -5x
g = {(1,0),(2,0),(-1,5)}

 Functions as table of
 Functions as graphs
values
No. of eggs Price of
(x)x breakfast
(y)
1 P14.00
2 P18.00
17
3 P22.00
Function Notation

Suppose you’re given the equation f ( x )  3 x  4 .

 f(x) should be read “f of x “, NOT “f times x”.


 f is the name of the function; it’s not a
number.
 x is the input value or independent
variable.
 f(x) is the value of the function f at the
number x. 18
Function Notation

Suppose you’re given the equation f ( x )  3 x  4 .

We may replace f(x) by y. That is, f(x) = y


which means that the value of the function is
the y value.


What does f 2  10 mean?

The value of f when x = 2 is 10.

19
Function as Equations
Constant Function
Linear Function
Quadratic Function
Rational Function
Radical Function
Absolute Value Function
Power Function

20
Functions

For each relation, determine if it is a


function.
r1= {(1,3),(2,5),(3,8),(4,10)} Yes
r2 = {(-1,0),(2,-3),(.5,1),( 2/3,1/2)} Yes
r3 = {(x,y)| y= 2x-5} Yes
r4 = {(x,y)| y= x2} Yes
r5 = {(x,y)| y > x-3} No
 x2 y2 
r6  ( x , y )  1 No
 9 4  21
Vertical Line Test for a Function

A graph defines a function if each vertical line in the


rectangular coordinate system passes through at most
one point on the graph.

(a) y3 – x = 1 (b) y2 – x2 = 9
y
y
3
6

x
x –6 0 6
–3 0 3

–6
22
–3
Vertical Line Test for a Function

Which of the following graphs represent a


function?

x x x x

y y y y

Yes No No Yes
23
Domain and Range of a
Function

24
Interpretation of f(x)

25
Examples of Functions
A rectangular field is to be enclosed
with 240 m of fence.
a) Let x be the length of the field.
Express the area of the field as a
function of x.

26

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