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    Iron Carbon System

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    Praicy Ann joseph
    The document discusses the microstructure of steels and cast iron based on their carbon content. It describes three categories of steels based on low, medium, and high carbon content and explains the microstructure of hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels. It also classifies cast iron into eutectic, hypoeutectic, and hypereutectic types based on their carbon content and discusses their microstructures containing proeutectic austenite or cementite and ledeburite. Photomicrographs are provided to illustrate the microstructures.

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    Iron Carbon System

    Uploaded by

    Praicy Ann joseph
    73 views14 pages
    The document discusses the microstructure of steels and cast iron based on their carbon content. It describes three categories of steels based on low, medium, and high carbon content and explains the microstructure of hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels. It also classifies cast iron into eutectic, hypoeutectic, and hypereutectic types based on their carbon content and discusses their microstructures containing proeutectic austenite or cementite and ledeburite. Photomicrographs are provided to illustrate the microstructures.

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    The document discusses the microstructure of steels and cast iron based on their carbon content. It describes three categories of steels based on low, medium, and high carbon content and explains the microstructure of hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels. It also classifies cast iron into eutectic, hypoeutectic, and hypereutectic types based on their carbon content and discusses their microstructures containing proeutectic austenite or cementite and ledeburite. Photomicrographs are provided to illustrate the microstructures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    73 views14 pages

    Iron Carbon System

    Uploaded by

    Praicy Ann joseph
    The document discusses the microstructure of steels and cast iron based on their carbon content. It describes three categories of steels based on low, medium, and high carbon content and explains the microstructure of hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steels. It also classifies cast iron into eutectic, hypoeutectic, and hypereutectic types based on their carbon content and discusses their microstructures containing proeutectic austenite or cementite and ledeburite. Photomicrographs are provided to illustrate the microstructures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    IRON CARBON SYSTEM

    MICROSTRUCTURE OF STEELS & CAST IRON

    SUBMITTED BY
    Praicy Ann Joseph
    Roll no:13
    IRON CARBON SYSTEM
    STEELS
    Three major categories of steel
    1.Low Carbon Steels (C upto 0.3%)
    2.Medium Carbon Steels (C from 0.3-0.6%)
    3.High Carbon Steels (C more than 0.6%)

    Steels with Carbon content


    0.025-0.8% → HYPOEUTECTOID STEELS
    0.8% → EUTECTIOD STEELS
    >0.8% → HYPEREUTECTOID STEELS
    Hypoeutectoid Steel
    Hypoeutectoid steels contain proeutectoid ferrite (formed above the
    eutectoid temperature) and the eutectoid pearlite which is a natural
    composite of ferrite(0.025 % C) and cementite(6.67 % C ).

    Photomicrograph of 0.38% C steel

    pearlite
    proeutectoid ferrite
    Upon slow cooling,α ferrite begin to seprate out after crossing A3
    temperature

    α ferrite formed prior to eutectoid temperature is called Proeutectoid


    ferrite surrounded by pearlite

    On crossing eutectoid temperature (727℃), remaining austenite


    transforms into pearlite by eutectoid reaction.
    Microstructural changes during the slow cooling of hypoeutectoid steel
    Eutectoid Steel
    When steel of eutectoid composition (0.77 wt % C) is cooled slowly it transforms
    to pearlite,a natural composite which is a lamellar or layered structure of two
    phases: α-ferrite and cementite.

    The layers of alternating phases in pearlite are formed due to redistribution of C


    atoms between ferrite (0.025 wt%) and cementite (6.67 wt %) by atomic
    diffusion.

    Mechanically, pearlitehas properties intermediate between the soft ductile ferrite


    and hard brittle cementite.
    In the micrograph, the dark areas are Fe₃C layers, the light phase is α-
    ferrite
    Hypereutectoid Steel

    Photomicrograph of 1.4% C steel

    pearlite

    proeutectoid Fe3C
    As temperature is lowered ,solubility of carbon in austenite decreases and excess
    carbon comes out in the form of proeutectoid cementite.This cementite is
    precipitated along the grain boundaries

    Cementite formed prior to eutectoid temperature is called Proeutectoid cementite

    On crossing eutectoid temperature(727℃), austenite grains undergoes eutectic


    reaction and transforms into pearlite

    Microstructure at this region consists of proeutectoid cementite along with


    lamellae of pearlite colonies.
    Cast Iron
    Alloys of iron and carbon having carbon content from 2.11% to 6.67 %
    are called Cast Irons

    Based on iron-cementite phase diagram,cast irons can be classified into


    three:
    1.Eutectic Cast Iron (4.3% C)
    2.Hypoeutectic Cast Iron (2.14 - 4.3% C)
    3.Hypereutectic Cast Iron (>4.3% C)
    At eutectic temperature (1147℃), eutectic reaction occurs and
    forms Ledeburite
    Liquid→austenite(0.8% C)+cementite(6.67 % C)
    Hypoeutectic Cast iron structure just below 1147℃ consist of
    proeutectic austenite and ledeburite(eutectic mixture consisting
    of austenite and cementite)

    Hypereutectic Cast iron structure just below 1147℃ consist of


    proeutectic cementite and ledeburite
    REFERENCE
     Vijendra singh, ”Physical Metallurgy”, published by A.K Jain,
    Standard Publishers Distributers , Edition 2018

     T.V Rajan ,C.P Sharma,Ashok Sharma “Heat Treatment: Principles


    and Techniques” , published by PHI Learning Private Ltd ,Second
    Edition 2011.
    Thank You……

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