EDGECEL Review Center

(ERC)
ESAT Enhancement
Question 1

Radiation doses in the range of 200 to 1000 rad causes what?

A. Gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome

B. Central Nervous System (CNS) Syndrome
C. Hematologic Syndrome
D. Prodomal Syndrome
Question 2
It was first noted by Hertz in 1887 and won Einstein the Nobel Prize in 1905.
It refers to the emission of electrons from a clean metallic surface when
electromagnetic radiation falls onto that surface.

A. Photoelectric effect
B. Bremsstrahlung
C. Compton Effect
D. Mie Effect
Question 3
It consists of 36 unique codes, representing the 10 digits and the 26 uppercase
letters.

A. Discrete Code
B. Code 39
C. Continuous Code
D. Code 20
Question 4
The first fixed length character code developed for machines rather than for
people.

A. ASCII Code
B. Gray Code
C. EBCDIC Code
D. Baudot Code
Question 5
A signal at the input to a µ-law compressor is positive with its voltage one-half
the maximum value. What proportion of the maximum output voltage is
produced?

A. 0.786Vmax
B. 0.876Vmax
C. 0.867Vmax
D. 0.678Vmax
Question 6
Inaccuracies caused by the representation of a continuously varying quantity as
one of a number of discrete values.

A. Alias signal
B. Slope overload
C. Distortion
D. Quantizing errors
Question 7
A coding scheme that records the change in signal level since the previous
sample.

A. Unipolar code
B. PPM
C. PCM
D. Delta modulation
Question 8
A network with bandwidth of 10Mbps can pass only an average of 12,000
frames per minute, with each frame carrying an average of 10,000 bits. What is
the throughput of this network?

A. 1 Mbps
B. 2 Mbps
C. 3 Mbps
D. 4 Mbps
Question 9
A telephone subscriber line must have an SNRdb above 40. What is the
minimum number of bits?

A. 3.56
B. 5.63
C. 6.35
D. 3.65
Question 10
Distortion created by using too low a sampling rate when coding an analog
signal for digital transmission.

A. Aliasing
B. Foldover distortion
C. Either a or b
D. Neither a or b
Question 11
A thick coaxial cable implementation of standard Ethernet.

A. 1000 Base-T
B. 10 Base-T
C. 10 Base 2
D. 10 Base 5
Question 12
An IPv4 has how many addresses?

A. 4294967296
B. 6927694924
C. 2449692769
D. 9672969442
Question 13
A bit pattern or a character added to the beginning and the end of a frame to
separate the frames.

A. Flag
B. Firewall
C. Frameguard
D. Footprint
Question 14

What is the bit rate of STS-1?

A. 51.84 Mbps
B. 64 kbps
C. 100 Mbps
D. 2.4 GHz
Question 15
A block coding technique in which four bits are encoded into a five bit code.

A. Baudot code
B. 2B1Q Encoding
C. 4B/5B Encoding
D. 4A/5A Encoding
Question 16

A national standards organization that defines standards in the United States

A. ANSI
B. FCC
C. ITU
D. CCITT
Question 17

The minimum sampling rate according to Nyquist Theorem is?

A. Equal to the lowest frequency of a signal

B. Equal to the highest frequency of the a signal
C. Twice the bandwidth of a signal
D. Twice the highest frequency of a signal
Question 18
It is used in wireless applications in which stations must be able to share the
medium without interception by an eavesdropper and without being subject to
jamming from a malicious intruder.

A. Modulation
B. Multi-access
C. Multiple access
D. Spread spectrum
Question 19

An error detection method which uses one’s complement arithmetic.

A. Checksum
B. CRC
C. Simple-parity check
D. Two-dimensional parity check
Question 20

It is a connecting device between two internetworks that use different models.

A. Bridge
B. Gateway
C. Repeater
D. Node
Question 21
It is an undesired shift or width change in digital bits of data due to circuitry
action which causes bits to arrive at different times.

A. Alias
B. Jitter
C. Impulse
D. Parity
Question 22
In PCM Systems, it is the ratio of the maximum input voltage level to the
smallest voltage level that can be quantized.

A. Dynamic range
B. Figure of merit
C. Quality factor
D. Noise figure
Question 23
A multiplexer combines four 100-kbps channels using a time slot of 2 bits,
determine the frame duration.

A. 20µs 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔ൗ𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒔ൗ

= 𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄
B. 50µs 𝟐 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟏
C. 100µs = 𝟐𝟎𝝁𝒔
𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒔ൗ
D. 400µs 𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄
Question 24

Determine the Hamming distance for the codewords (10101, 11001)

A. One 10101 XOR 11001 C1 C2 Q

B. Two presence of 2 1 bits 1 1 0

0 1 1
C. Three 1 0 1
D. Four 0 0 0
1 1 0
Question 25
An address space is the total number of addresses used by the protocol, such as
IPv4 and IPv6. What is the address space of IPv6?

A. 232
B. 264
C. 296
D. 2128
Question 26
A computer monitor has a resolution of 1200 x 1000 pixels. If each pixel uses
1024 colors, how many bits are needed to send the complete contents of the
screen?

A. 12 Gigabits 𝟐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒔

B. 1.2 Gigabits 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔
C. 120 Megabits
D. 12 Megabits 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒍𝒔 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐𝑴𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔
Question 27
Combination of compression at the transmitter and expansion at the receiver
of communications system.

A. Decoding
B. Companding
C. Compression
D. Coding
Question 28
A device that launches or receives a wave in a transmission line or waveguide in
one direction only.

A. Crossed-field tube
B. Directional coupler
C. Linear-beam tube
D. Slow-wave structure
Question 29
A type of linear-beam microwave tube that uses velocity modulation of the
electron beam.

A. Buncher
B. Gunn device
C. Magnetron
D. Klystron
Question 30
It is the oldest microwave tube design which is commonly used in radar
transmitters where they can generate peak power levels in the megawatt range.

A. Klystron
B. Magnetron
C. Microstrip
D. Crossed-field tube
Question 31
A line of sight radio link operating at a frequency of 6Ghz has a separation of
40km between antennas. An obstacle in the path is located 10km from the
transmitting antenna. By how much must the beam clear the obstacle?

A. 11.6 m 𝒏𝟏 𝒅𝟏(𝒌𝒎) 𝒅𝟐(𝒌𝒎)

𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒏𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 (𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔) = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑
B. 11.6 ft 𝒇𝑮𝑯𝒛 𝒅𝑻(𝒌𝒎)

C. 10.6 m 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟎. 𝟔 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
D. 10.6 ft 𝟔 𝟒𝟎
Question 32
The channel capacity of a 5kHz bandwidth binary system is _______ bits/s.
Assuming no noise.

A. 1,000 𝑪 = 𝟐𝑩𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒏 , 𝒏 = 𝟐 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔

B. 10,100 𝑪 = 𝟐 𝟓𝒌𝑯𝒛 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟐
C. 10,000 𝑪 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔/𝒔𝒆𝒄

D. 100,000
Question 33

Microwaves are frequencies that operate above __ GHz.

A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. None of the above
Question 34

A waveguide acts as a/an _________ filter.

A. High-pass
B. Low-pass
C. Either a or b
D. None of the above
Question 35

Coaxial cables are not used beyond frequencies of about __ GHz.

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 10
Question 36
Determine the peak frequency deviation for a binary FSK signal with a mark
frequency of 49kHz, space frequency of 51kHz, and an input rate of 2 kilobits
per second.

A. 1 kHz 𝒇𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 − 𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌

∆𝒇𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 =
B. 1.5 kHz 𝟐
𝟓𝟏𝒌𝑯𝒛 − 𝟒𝟗𝒌𝑯𝒛
C. 2 kHz ∆𝒇𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 =
𝟐
D. 2.5 kHz ∆𝒇𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌 = 𝟏𝒌𝑯𝒛
Question 37
It is the process of converting an infinite number of possibilities to a finite
number of conditions.

A. Quantization
B. Sampling
C. Aliasing
D. Digitization
Question 38
For a PCM system with a maximum analog frequency of 4kHz, determine the
minimum sample rate.

A. 8kHz 𝑵𝒚𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙

B. 9kHz 𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝟐 𝟒𝒌𝑯𝒛
C. 10kHz 𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝟖𝒌𝑯𝒛

D. 11kHz
Question 39
It is a modulation and multiplexing technique that distributes the signal and its
sidebands over a very wide bandwidth.

A. Spread spectrum
B. Phase shift keying (PSK)
C. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)
D. Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
Question 40
It is defined by the ITU-T as a service that provides transmission channels
capable of supporting transmission rates greater than the primary data rate.

A. Broadband ISDN
B. Asynchronous Transfer Mode
C. LAN Topology
D. Ethernet
Question 41
It is the only error-correction scheme that actually detects and corrects
transmission errors when they are received without requiring a transmission

A. Forward error correction

B. Character synchronization
C. Line control scheme
D. Code 39
Question 42
This OSI Layer is responsible for network availability, data storage, and
processor capacity. It also determines the type of dialogue available.

A. Network Layer
B. Session Layer
C. Data Link Layer
D. Transport Layer
Question 43
The highest layer in the hierarchy and is analogous to the general manager of
the network by providing access to the OSI environment.

A. Application layer
B. Presentation layer
C. Transport layer
D. Session layer
Question 44
Handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and sequencing (which
terminals are sending and which are receiving). It is considered as the “media
access control” layer.

A. Transport layer
B. Session layer
C. Data Link Layer
D. Application Layer
Question 45
An OSI layer which is responsible for providing error-free communications
across the physical link, connecting primary and secondary stations (nodes).

A. Data link layer

B. Transport layer
C. Session layer
D. Presentation layer
Question 46
What do you call the accumulation of additional sounds, such as wind, street
noise, and other voices that contribute to what the listener hears?

A. Natural sound
B. Ambience
C. Sound amplitude
D. Flutter sound
Question 47
A type of microwave protection system where each working channel has a
dedicated back up or a spare channel.

A. Frequency diversity
B. Space diversity
C. On-hook
D. Hot standby
Question 48
It is an error detection technique in which a redundant bit is appended to every
data unit so that the total number of 1s in the unit (including the parity bit)
becomes even.

A. Vertical redundancy check

B. Cyclic redundancy check
C. Longitudinal redundancy check
D. Checksum
Question 49
Find the maximum dynamic range for a linear PCM system using 16-bit
quantizing.

A. 4.82 dB 𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 (𝒅𝑩) = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏. 𝟕𝟔

B. 25.84 dB 𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 (𝒅𝑩) = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏. 𝟕𝟔
C. 51.68 dB 𝑫𝒎𝒂𝒙 (𝒅𝑩) = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟎𝟖 𝒅𝑩
D. 98.08 dB
Question 50

Compute the baud rate for a 72000 bps 64-QAM signal.

A. 12000 baud 𝒃𝒊𝒕 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆

𝑩𝒂𝒖𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 =
B. 1200 baud 𝒏
𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔ൗ𝒔𝒆𝒄
C. 120000 baud 𝑩𝒂𝒖𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 =
𝟔 𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒔
D. 12 baud 𝑩𝒂𝒖𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒃𝒂𝒖𝒅