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    Computer Languages

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    hamza abbas
    The document discusses three types of computer languages: machine languages using numbers, assembly languages using abbreviations, and high-level languages like C/C++ that are similar to English. It also describes three types of computing: personal computing with PCs, distributed computing over networks, and parallel computing that divides problems into sub-problems solved by multiple processors. Finally, it defines computer chips like DIPs, DIMMs, and PGAs that are housed on the motherboard, and microprocessors which contain an ALU and control unit on a single integrated circuit.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Computer Languages

    Uploaded by

    hamza abbas
    11 views8 pages
    The document discusses three types of computer languages: machine languages using numbers, assembly languages using abbreviations, and high-level languages like C/C++ that are similar to English. It also describes three types of computing: personal computing with PCs, distributed computing over networks, and parallel computing that divides problems into sub-problems solved by multiple processors. Finally, it defines computer chips like DIPs, DIMMs, and PGAs that are housed on the motherboard, and microprocessors which contain an ALU and control unit on a single integrated circuit.

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    The document discusses three types of computer languages: machine languages using numbers, assembly languages using abbreviations, and high-level languages like C/C++ that are similar to English. It also describes three types of computing: personal computing with PCs, distributed computing over networks, and parallel computing that divides problems into sub-problems solved by multiple processors. Finally, it defines computer chips like DIPs, DIMMs, and PGAs that are housed on the motherboard, and microprocessors which contain an ALU and control unit on a single integrated circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    11 views8 pages

    Computer Languages

    Uploaded by

    hamza abbas
    The document discusses three types of computer languages: machine languages using numbers, assembly languages using abbreviations, and high-level languages like C/C++ that are similar to English. It also describes three types of computing: personal computing with PCs, distributed computing over networks, and parallel computing that divides problems into sub-problems solved by multiple processors. Finally, it defines computer chips like DIPs, DIMMs, and PGAs that are housed on the motherboard, and microprocessors which contain an ALU and control unit on a single integrated circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Computer Languages
    • Three types of programming languages
    1. Machine languages
    • Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions
    • Example:
    10001010
    00100010
    11100011

    2. Assembly languages
    • English-like abbreviations representing elementary
    computer operations (translated via assemblers)
    • Example:
    LOAD BASEPAY
    ADD OVERPAY
    STORE GROSSPAY

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Computer Languages

    1. High-level languages
    • Similar to everyday English, use mathematical notations
    (translated via compilers)
    • Example:
    grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

    • C/C++ is a High-level language.

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Types of Computing
    • Personal computers
    – First PC introduced by IBM in 1981
    – Economical enough for individual
    • Distributed computing
    – Computing distributed over networks
    – Often used LANs
    – PCs were powerful enough to
    • handle the computing requirements of individual users
    • handle the basic communication tasks/information passing between the PCs
    electronically
    • Client/server computing
    – Sharing of information across computer networks between file servers
    and clients (personal computers)

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Types of Computing
    • Parallel Computing
    – Used to solve large and complex problems
    – Goal?
    • Divide problem into sub-problems
    • Use multiple processors to solve each of the
    individual problem
    • Combine the results of the individual sub-problem
    to generate the solution of the original complex
    problem

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Computer Hardware

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Computer Chips (-1-)

    • Most electronic components inside a computer are


    integrated circuits
    – Thin slices of silicon crystal packed with microscopic circuit
    elements
    • Semiconducting materials are
    used to fabricate a chip
    • Types of chips:
    – DIPs; DIMMs; PGAs;
    SEC cartridge
    • *The motherboard houses all essential chips and
    provides connecting circuitry between them

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Computer Chips (-2-)

    Dual
    Dual In-line
    In-line Memory
    Package Module
    (DIP) (DIMM)

    Pin Single
    Grid Edge
    Array Contact
    (PGA) (SEC)

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi


    Lecture 03: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

    Microprocessor

    • An integrated circuit designed to process instructions -


    CPU on a chip

    • The CPU has two parts


    – ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
    • Performs arithmetic operations
    • Performs logical operations
    • Uses registers to hold data being
    processed
    – Control Unit
    • Directs and coordinates processing

    Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

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