Historical

Background –
Integrative Art as
applied to
Contemporary Art
 The development of Philippines Arts
comes in three major traditions:

Spanish American
Ethnic Colonial and
Colonial Contemporary
Tradition
Tradition Tradition
Ethnic Traditions
Dance
The Ethnic art forms are
influenced by the geographical
location and the experience of
the Filipinos.
Example:
Dance steps were imitations of
the movements of the certain
animals like birds (in highlands)
and fishes (near the sea).
Visual Arts
Pottery, weaving, wood carving and
metal crafting were dominant during
the pre-colonial period making use of
the available materials surrounding
them.
Architecture
Early Filipinos used local materials
such as anahaw, bamboo, cogon,
and cane, rattan.
Literature
Verbalized their experiences.
Ex. Folk speeches, songs and
narratives
Music
Indigenous musical instruments
like the bamboo flutes and brass
gongs.
Spanish Colonial
Spaniards tend to replace the
Philippine indigenous arts with
WESTERN ART FORMS.
Religion and secularization greatly
influenced the art in the
Philippines
Friars (priests) were the ones
supervising the arts in the country.
Literature
The literary works are
classified into religious and
secular prose and poetry.
Theater Arts
Secular and religious plays
became popular.
ex. komedya
Dance
Religious dances commonly
performed to venerate patrons
and saints proliferated.
There were also secular dances
performed in social functions:
Valse Fandango
Polka Minuet
Music
The Spaniards introduced the
piano and other western
instruments.
Visual Arts
They introduced painting and
sculptures which mostly depicted
religious subject matters.
Architecture
Stones and bricks are predominantly
used in constructing buildings like
churches, houses, and government
offices.
Despite of the strong
influence of Spaniards,
Filipino artists still put
Filipino touches on
their art pieces.
After more than 300 years of
Spaniards colonization, the
American took over the country
which led to the declaration of the
independence on June 12, 1898.
American Colonial
The American brought about
many changes in the politics,
economy, education and
culture of the Philippines.
Education
Filipinos went abroad to study
(later came back carrying the
concept of modern art).
CONCEPT OF MODERN ART:

•Juan Arellano
• Diosdado Lorenzo
• Victorio Edades
VICTORIO EDADES
Introduced modern visual art
through his art exhibition.
Instead of using usual bright and happy
colors, he used dull and dark hues in his
works with the life of the laborers,
workers and low sector of the society as
his subject
After the triumvirate introduced
art modernism, thirteen artists
called thirteen moderns followed
their path.
Few of the Thirteen Moderns:
Vicente Manansala
Cesar Legaspi
Amita Magsaysay-Ho
Hernando Ocampo
Carlos Francisco
During the American period,
The subject of artworks shifted
from rural (countryside) to urban
(city) themes.
After WW2,
Artist started creating proletarian
(working class/common people) art
which depicts the life after the war,
social issues, and economic problems.
It was also during this period the
Paris Cubism and Abstraction
took place.
Paris cubism
Kind of cubism showing
fragmented figures in larger
planes, color harmonies, and
texture.
3 known Cubists:
Vicente Manansala
Romeo Tabuena
Cesar Legaspi
Known Abstractionist:
H.R Ocampo
Cinstantiono Bernardo
Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz
Arturo Luz
Jose Joya
In Sculpture,
NAPOLEON ABUEVA became famous
for his modern works. He made used
of different materials like variety of
woods, metals and stones
Art in the Philippines during this
period reflects dynamism,
freedom of expression and
concern to the masses.
This kind of art continued to
flourish and the number of
artists eager of creating
innovations increased.
Artists include:
Ang Kiukok
Painted in
expressionistic
cubism style.
Bencab (Benedicto Cabrera)

Worked with realism

and experimental
devices.
Ramon Orlina
and Impy Pilapil

Explored the use of

glass in making
sculpture.
Surrealism
Surrealism also emerged which
explored the world of dream
Known Surrealists:
Galo Ocampo
Juvenal Sanso
Magic Realism
Style in a painting showing minute
details of the subjects and highlighting
their texture and color.
Ex. Bigas Artwork by Nestor Leynes
The significant development of
the modern and contemporary
art in the country only shows
how creative, innovative and
free thinkers the Filipinos are.
In order to promote and preserve
the rich artistry of the country,
National Government through the
NCCA’s Committee on Visual Arts (CVA)
Launched an education program that
tends to convene artists annually in the
country through their regional and
national congresses.
Committee on Gallery
Annual art exhibition is inviting
artists from the regions to submit
their artworks and be exhibited
in Manila.
The artists were given more avenues
to exhibit their artworks in Manila
and their regions as well that led to
their initiatives in promoting visual
arts in the regions.
There were art groups founded in
the regions and provinces like
the Baguio Art Guild and
Bacolod’s Black Artist in Asia.
These groups create workshops,
art festivals, and art exhibitions
to encourage young generations
to take part in enriching the
country’s visual art.
Literature
In the field of poetry during the
contemporary period,
publication of young poets to
campus journals emerged.
Bagay Movement – kind of
poetry which uses colloquial
language and is built on concrete
images which tend to describe
experiences.
Poets who started the Bagay movement:
Jose Lacaba
Rolando Tinio
Bienvenido Lumbera
Antonio Samson
Edmundo Martinez
Example of Bagay poetry:

Valediction sa Hillcrest by
Rolando Tinio (employs Taglish)
Another form of poetry was introduced
by, Amado V. Hernandez – Ang Bayang
Malaya
Long narrative piece about a peasant
leader. Oppression and fighting for
human right.
The nationalist spirit of many
writers arose because of the
Marshall Law. Protest poetry
proliferated.
Short Story
After world war II, short stories
focused on the self-
consciousness and self-
expression of the writer.
English short story writers:
N.V.M Gonzales
Nick Joaquin
Alejandro Roces
Francisco Arcellana
Bienvinido Santos
Short story writers produced more
social conscious fiction during the
1970s. It depicts the lives of the
working class emerged. Social protest
fiction was produced during the Marcos
Era.
Music
Mostly classical due to the
influence of the European. It was
in 1960s avant-garde music
emerged.
Due to introduction of radio, film, and
other entertainment technology, the
theater music gradually declined.
However, rondallas or the string bands
remain even up to the present.
Pinoy pop or the Filipino pop
music developed and the Manila
Sound was born. (English lyrics
but with pure Filipino spirit)
OPM (Original Pilipino Music)
Purely Filipino and was composed and
sung by Filipino composers and singers.
It includes Filipino values, political and
environmental concerns.
Theater
Bodabil or Stage Show -
composed mainly of songs,
dances and skits.
The Philippine theater was
Westernized/Americanized
Filipinos were able to expand their
horizon and create stage plays that
reflect Philippine realities and set
up.
Ex. Sarswela, komedya, senakulo
Dance
European classical ballet
• Remedios de Oteyza
• Leonor Orosa
Modern Dance
Revolutionary in nature and does
not conform to the rules of
classical ballet. A mixture of a
wide range of dances.
Architecture
Philippine adopted the modern
Western architectural style while taking
into consideration the physical and
socio-cultural situation of the country.
The Philippine architecture was
characterized as simple, rational
and functional.
Studied in America and brought
changes in the Philippines architecture,
Juan Arellano
Carlos Barreto
Antonio Toledo
These Filipinos introduced the
Neoclassic Style in building
structure and revival of classic
architecture.
Juan Arellano designed the
theater (Metropolitan theater)
and experimented with
romanticism.
Early20th century, “Tsalet” was
developed. Type of house on
stilts with a front porch made of
wood and concrete.
Film
The film industry in the
Philippines started in 1897
through foreign businessmen.
Edward Gross and Harry Brown
produced a film about the life of
Jose Rizal which started the film
making in the country.
JOSE NEPOMUCENO – Father of
Philippine Movies. He produced
“Dalagang Bukid” first Filipino
film.
Modern Art
Refers to the practice of art in the
1860s-1970s. Develops after world war
2, which led to the Contemporary way
of art making today.
Contemporary Art
Refers to the recent and current
practice of art ranging from the 1970s
up to the present. It mirrors the society
and culture of the present times.
FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS
Perez (2016), the arts are classified in
distinct forms: music, dance, theater,
visual arts, literature, film and
broadcast arts, and architecture, design
and allied arts.
However, the arts have combined
to create integrative art. There is
now interconnection among the
arts, resulting in the combination
of arts.
Contemporary art forms in the
regions now include:
•Choreography
•musical instrument
•literary and music composition
•visual design
•theatrical performance
•cinema
Choreography
An arrangement or design for
dance movements usually
accompanied by music.
Musical Instruments
A musical instrument is any tool or
device that produces sound. It consists
of an array of shapes and styles from
simple to the complex.
Literary and Musical Compositions
Literary works are written works meant
to be read, sung, or delivered in a play.
Musical compositions on the other
hand, are not written but notated,
represented by musical symbols.
Visual Design
It is a composition or layout of
lines, shapes, and color to form
patterns on paper, textile, or any
piece for that matter
Theatrical Performance
It refers to the staging and execution of
a production, like drama, opera, festival,
and the like. It pertains to a public
presentation of a dramatic or musical
entertainment.
Cinema
It is the most popular of the art forms.
It is similar to the theater, except that is
not a live performance and the action is
seen on a flat screen.
BY: CORNELIO, MV
EDUCATION