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    Definatio of Varriance

    Uploaded by

    Anns Rehman
    This document defines variance and provides formulas for calculating variance from both grouped and ungrouped data. It gives an example of calculating variance from ungrouped data with marks from 5 students. The variance is calculated to be 3.6. It also provides an example of calculating variance from grouped data on marks obtained by 15 students in different score ranges. The variance is calculated to be 15. The document also outlines key properties of variance and discusses merits and demerits of using variance as a statistical measure.

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    Definatio of Varriance

    Uploaded by

    Anns Rehman
    365 views16 pages
    This document defines variance and provides formulas for calculating variance from both grouped and ungrouped data. It gives an example of calculating variance from ungrouped data with marks from 5 students. The variance is calculated to be 3.6. It also provides an example of calculating variance from grouped data on marks obtained by 15 students in different score ranges. The variance is calculated to be 15. The document also outlines key properties of variance and discusses merits and demerits of using variance as a statistical measure.

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    This document defines variance and provides formulas for calculating variance from both grouped and ungrouped data. It gives an example of calculating variance from ungrouped data with marks from 5 students. The variance is calculated to be 3.6. It also provides an example of calculating variance from grouped data on marks obtained by 15 students in different score ranges. The variance is calculated to be 15. The document also outlines key properties of variance and discusses merits and demerits of using variance as a statistical measure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    365 views16 pages

    Definatio of Varriance

    Uploaded by

    Anns Rehman
    This document defines variance and provides formulas for calculating variance from both grouped and ungrouped data. It gives an example of calculating variance from ungrouped data with marks from 5 students. The variance is calculated to be 3.6. It also provides an example of calculating variance from grouped data on marks obtained by 15 students in different score ranges. The variance is calculated to be 15. The document also outlines key properties of variance and discusses merits and demerits of using variance as a statistical measure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Name Roll #

    Ahsan 22
    Anas Rehman 30
    Hasnat Cheema 41
    Junaid 45
    Context
    Definition of variance
    Formula for group and ungroup data
    Example for group and ungroup data
    Properties of variance
    Merits and demerits of variance
    Definition of variance

    Variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of


    a random variable from its mean. Informally, it
    measures how far a set of (random) numbers are spread
    out from their average value.
    Formulas of variance
    Formula for Ungrouped Data
    σ 𝐱−µ 𝟐
    Population σ =
    2
    𝐧
     σ2 =population variance
    ∑ (X - µ)2 = The sum of (X - µ)2 for all data points
    X = individual data points
    µ = mean of the population
    N = number of data points
    Formulas of variance

    Ungroup data
    σ(𝐗−�̅)𝟐
    Sample Ѕ = 𝟐
    𝐧−𝟏
    Ѕ2= sample variance
    ∑ (X - x̄)2 = The sum of (X - x̄)2 for all data points
    X = individual data points
    x̅=mean of the sample
    n= number of data points
    Formulas of variance
    Grouped Data
    𝟐
    σ 𝐟 𝐱−µ
    Population σ2 = σ𝐟

     σ2 =population variance
    ∑ ƒ (X - µ)2 = The sum of ƒ (X - µ)2 for all data points
    X = individual data points
    µ = mean of the population
    ∑ ƒ =sum of frequency
    Formulas of variance
    Grouped Data
    σ 𝐟 𝐱−�̅ 𝟐
    Sample Ѕ = 𝟐
    σ 𝐟−𝟏

    Ѕ2= sample variance


    ∑ƒ (X - x̄)2 = The sum of ƒ (X - x̄)2 for all data points
    X = individual data points
    x̅=mean of the sample
    ∑ƒ = sum of frequency
    Example of Ungrouped Data

    • The marks of 5 students of a class is given to be 6,3,5,3,8 What is the


    variance of the data set?
    Solution of Example
    x 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝐱ത ) (𝑥 − 𝐱ത )2

    6 5 1 1

    3 5 -2 4

    5 5 0 0

    3 5 -2 4 σ 𝑥−𝑥̅ 2
    Variance =
    𝑛
    8 5 3 9 18
    Variance =
    5
    ∑x=25 σ(𝑥 − 𝑥)̅ 2 =18 Variance = 3.6
    Example of Group Data

    • Find the estimate of variance of the following data for the marks obtained in
    a test by 15 students.
    marks 10-12 13-15 16-18 19-21 22-24

    frequency 5 6 7 8 4
    Solution of Example
    x(scores) f(freq) x(class ∑ 𝐱ത ̅ (𝑥 − 𝐱̅) (𝑥 − 𝐱̅̅)2 f(𝑥 − 𝐱̅)2
    mark)
    10-12 5 11 55 17 -6 36 180

    13-15 6 14 84 17 -3 9 54

    16-18 7 17 119 17 0 0 0

    19-21 8 20 160 17 3 9 72

    22-24 4 23 92 17 6 36 144

    ∑ƒ=30 ∑fx=510 =450 σ 𝑓 𝑥−�̅ 2


    Variance = σ
    𝑓
    450
    Variance =
    30
    Variance = 15
    PROPERTIES OF VARIANCE

    Statistical variance does have the following properties:


     The value of variance is always positive. It cannot be negative.
     Zero variance indicates that all the values are equal in the distribution.
    PROPERTIES OF VARIANCE

     If all the values of a variable in a distribution are multiplied by constant,


    then the variance of distribution is multiplied by the square of that constant.
    If in a frequency distribution, all values are added by constant number, then
    the variance of the distribution does not change, i.e.
    var (x) = var (x + a)
    Merits and Demerits of Using Variance

    Statisticians use variance to see how individual numbers relate to each other within a
    data set, rather than using broader mathematical techniques such as arranging
    numbers into quartiles. A drawback to variance is that it gives added weight to
    numbers far from the mean (outliers), since squaring these numbers can skew
    interpretations of the data. The advantage of variance is that it treats all deviations
    from the mean the same regardless of direction; as a result, the squared deviations
    cannot sum to zero and give the appearance of no variability at all in the data. The
    drawback of variance is that it is not easily interpreted, and the square root of its
    value is usually taken to get the standard deviation of the data set in question.

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