Theoretical Foundation in Nursing

THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
IN NURSING
Ahra Mhicaella Romero, Karen Enario,
Lemae Allanis De Leon, & Angelika Rada
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Name: Virginia Avenel Henderson
-She was known as “The
Nightingale of Modern Nursing”
Birthdate: November 30, 1897
Place of Birth: Born in Kansas
City, Missouri
Birth Order: the 5th of eight
children
Died: March 19, 1996
-She lived formative years in
Virginia where the family lived
during the period of her father
practice law in Washington.
Mothers Name: Lucy Minor
Henderson
Fathers Name: Daniel B. Henderson
Occupation: Attorney for Native
Americans Indians
CAREER TIMELINE
• World War I developed her interest in
nursing in 1918
• She was educated at the U.S. Army School
of Nursing (1921) then worked as a staff
nurse of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse
Service in New York City.

• 1922, began teaching in Norfolk Protestant
Hospital, Virginia.
• 1929, teaching supervisor in the clinics of
Strong Memorial Hospital, Ronchester, New
York.
• Teachers College, Columbia University where
she completed her B.S. (1932) and M.A. in
education (1934), then taught from 1934
until 1948.
As a researcher, writer and author:
• Bertha Harmer’s Textbook of the
Principles and Practice of Nursing, 4th
edition, 1939.
• Bertha Harmer’s Textbook of the
Principles and Practice of Nursing, 5th
edition, 1955, contains Henderson’s
definition of nursing.
• Basic Principles of Nursing Care, 1960.
• The Nature of Nursing, 1966.
• The Principles and Practice of Nursing,

6th edition, 1978.
In 1953, she joined Yale School of
Nursing
• Nursing Studies Index (4 volume)
(Director)
• Interagency Council on Information
Resources for Nursing (co-founder)
• New England Regional Council on Library
Resources for Nursing (co-founder)
• International Nursing Index Editorial
Advisory Committee (Chairperson)
• She received honorary doctoral degrees
from the Catholic University of
America, Pace University, University
of Rochester, University of Western
Ontario, Yale University, Old Dominion
University, Boston College, Thomas
Jefferson University, and Emery
University
METAPARADIGM
Person
- Is defined as the one who needs
nursing care although it is not
limited to illness only. Henderson
thought of the patient is the sum
of parts with biopsychosocial needs
and the mind and body are
interrelated and inseparable.
Environment
- The environment needs to be
supportive and conducive to
health. This is one of the 14
elements of her activities for
client assistance.
Health
- Health was understood as a
balance in all facets of the
person’s life. It is equated to
the independence or ability to
perform daily activities without
assistance in any of the 14 basic
human needs.
Nursing
“The unique function of the nurse
is to assist the individual, sick
or well, in the performance of
those activities contributing to
health or its recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he would
perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will or
knowledge. And to do this in
such a way as to help him gain
independence as rapidly as
possible"
- The goal of the nurse is to
restore the patient complete,
whole, and independent.
NURSES ROLE
1. DOING FOR THE PATIENT
- Also known as
“substitutive”
-the nurse performs all
aspect of the activity.
2. HELPING THE PATIENT
- Also known as
“Supplementary”
-The nurse performs only
that which the patient
cannot.
3. WORKING WITH THE PATIENT
- Also known as “Complementary”
-The nurse plays more of a
teacher and the patient
actually performs the activity
themselves.
HENDERSON'S
14 BASIC
NEEDS OF THE
PATIENT
BREATHE NORMALLY
EAT AND DRINK
ADEQUATELY
ELIMINATE BODY
WASTES
MOVE AND MAINTAIN
DESIRABLE POSTURES
SLEEP AND REST
SELECT SUITABLE
CLOTHES-DRESS AND
UNDRESS
MAINTAIN BODY
TEMPERATURE WITHIN
NORMAL RANGE BY
ADJUSTING CLOTHING
AND MODIFYING THE
ENVIRONMENT
KEEP THE BODY CLEAN
AND WELL GROOMED
AND PROTECT THE
INTEGUMENT
AVOID DANGERS IN
THE ENVIRONMENT AND
AVOID INJURING
OTHERS
COMMUNICATE WITH
OTHERS IN
EXPRESSING
EMOTIONS, NEEDS,
FEARS, OR OPINIONS.
WORSHIP ACCORDING
TO ONE’S FAITH
WORK IN SUCH A WAY
THAT THERE IS A
SENSE OF
ACCOMPLISHMENT
PLAY OR PARTICIPATE
IN VARIOUS FORMS OF
RECREATION
LEARN, DISCOVER, OR
SATISFY THE CURIOSITY
THAT LEADS TO NORMAL
DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH
AND USE THE AVAILABLE
HEALTH FACILITIES
Understanding the Nursing Process
Assessment Henderson’s 14 components
Analysis: Compare data to knowledge base of
Diagnosis health and disease.
Identify individual’s ability to meet own needs
Plan with or without assistance, taking into
consideration strength, will or knowledge.
Document how the nurse can assist the
Intervention/ individual, sick or well.
Implementation Carry out treatment prescribed by the physician.
Henderson’s 14 components and definition of

Evaluation nursing
The quality of care is drastically affected by the
preparation and native ability of the nursing
personnel rather than the amount of hours of
care.
References
Characteristics of Henderson's Theory
• Her definition and components are
logical and the fourteen basic nursing
functions are a guide for the individual
and nurse in reaching the chosen goal.
• Her work can be applied to the health of
individuals of all ages.
• Her ideas of nursing practice are well
accepted throughout the world as a basis
for nursing care.
Focuses
• The theory focuses on the importance
of increasing the patient’s
independence to hasten their
progress in the hospital.
Henderson’s theory emphasizes on the
basic human needs and how nurses can
assist in meeting those needs.
Understanding Henderson's Theory
• Virginia Henderson's
background was developed
during the era of nursing and
medicine where patient's needs
were of primary concern. As
such, her theory is often
called a "Needs Theory".
• Henderson views the nursing
process as "really the
application of the logical
approach to the solution of a
problem. The steps are those
of the scientific method."
• "Nursing process stresses the
science of nursing rather than
the mixture of the science and
art on which it seems
effective health care services
of any kind is based."
Strength
1. Uncomplicated and Self-
explanatory.
2. Easy to apply globally to
all human beings of any age.
Weaknesses
1. No clear definition of
environment.
2. Lack of conceptual linkage
between physiological and other
human characteristics.
THANK YOU! GOD
BLESSED PO 

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THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

• She was educated at the U.S. Army School

of Nursing (1921) then worked as a staff

nurse of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse

Service in New York City.

• The Nature of Nursing, 1966.

• The Principles and Practice of Nursing,

Henderson’s 14 components and definition of

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