Elementary Logic Statements and Their Connectives: Week 2

Week 2
Elementary Logic
Statements and their
connectives
SET THEORY
 A branch of mathematics which deals with the formal
properties of sets as units (without regard to the nature of
their individual constituents) and the expression of other
branches of mathematics in terms of sets.
Practical Applications of Set Theory:

Set theory is also very important in a branch of mathematics called
Boolean algebra. Boolean algebra is used in computer programming
and in the design of electronics like calculators, computers, and
cell phones.
WEEK 2
Elementary Logic
Statements and their connectives
Objectives:
Define Logic
Describe a statement in Logic
Differentiate simple from compound statement
Give examples of statement in Logic
Definition of Logic
 Is the study of principles of valid demonstration and inference.
 The science of correct reasoning.
 Science and art of correct thinking
 Derives from Greek Logike or Logikos – possessed of reason, intellectual,
dialectal, argumentative
& Logos – “word taught, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle”
- which may be interpreted to mean reason or discourse.
 Is the basis of all mathematical reasoning, and of all automated reasoning.

 It has practical applications to the design of computing machines, to the
specifications of systems, to artificial intelligence, to computer programming,
to program languages, and other areas of computer science.
ELEMENTARY LOGIC
 Logic does not let us know whether specific
statements or claims are true or false.
 Logicallows us to test whether propositions or

arguments are valid or invalid and on a higher
level if arguments are valid or fallacious.
(From Wikiversity)
MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
 the study of reasoning as used in mathematics.
MATHEMATICAL REASONING
 is deductive — that is, it consists of drawing (correct)
conclusions from given hypotheses. Thus the basic concept is
that of a statement being a logical consequence of some other
statements.
A LOGICAL STATEMENT
 is a declarative sentence which conveys factual
information. If the information is correct then we
say the statement is true; and if the information is
incorrect, then we say the statement is false.
Describe a statement in Logic
STATEMENT is variously understood to mean either:
(a) a meaningful declarative sentence that is true or
false, or. (b) the assertion that is made by a true or
false declarative sentence.
A statement, or proposition, is the content of an
assertion. It is either true or false, but cannot be both
true and false at the same time.
Logic Statements
 Statement - is a declarative sentence that is either true
or false, but not both true and false.
EXAMPLE: Identify Statements

Determine whether each sentence is a statement.
a. Florida is a state in the United States.
b. How are you?
c. c. 99 + 2 is a prime number.
d. d. x + 1 = 5.
AMBIGUOUS STATEMENTS
 Is a statements that may sometimes express two different things.
Sentences are ambiguous when they can be used to express several
statements. When you have an ambiguous sentence, you need to decide
which statement it is being used to express.
John greeted everybody with a smile.

1. John was smiling and then he greeted everybody. In this
case, it’s true that he greeted everybody with a smile - his
smile.
2. Maybe there were smiling people and non-smiling
people, and John only greeted the ones that were smiling.
 Differentiate simple from compound statement
SIMPLE STATEMENT
 is a logical statement carrying one piece of
information.
 is a statement that conveys a single idea.
COMPOUND STATEMENT
 is a statement that conveys two or more ideas.
Connecting simple statements with words and phrases such as and,
or, if ... then, and if and only if creates a compound statement.
Example: Compound Statement
“I will attend the meeting or I will go to school.”
pvq
p: I will attend the meeting
q: I will go to school

Elementary Logic Statements and Their Connectives: Week 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elementary Logic Statements and Their Connectives: Week 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elementary Logic Statements and Their Connectives: Week 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week 2

Practical Applications of Set Theory:

 Is the basis of all mathematical reasoning, and of all automated reasoning.

 Logicallows us to test whether propositions or

EXAMPLE: Identify Statements

John greeted everybody with a smile.

You might also like