Models of Communication

Models of Communication
1. Shannon-Weaver Model
Known as the mother of all communication models, the
Shannon-Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear
or one-way process consisting of five elements: a source
(producer of message); a transmitter (encoder of message into
signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission); a receiver
(decoder of message from the signal); and a destination.
This model, however, has been criticized for missing one
essential element in the communication process: feedback.
Without feedback, the speaker will not know whether the
receiver understands the message or not.
Schramm (1955) in Wood (2009) Interactive
Model
 Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions:
Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emissor / sender /
encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium),
destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver.
 Wilbur Schramm (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the
impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the
message.
 Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and
experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may
take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The
form depends on the abilities of the group communicating.
 Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent
towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being,
another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings).
2. Transaction Model
 theTransaction Model is a two way

process with the inclusion of feedback
as one element.
Aristotle Model
 Aristotle, a great philosopher initiative the earliest
mass communication model Called “Aristotle’s Model
of Communication”.
 He proposed model before 300 B.C who found the
importance of audience role in communication chain in
his communication model.
 This model is more focused on public speaking than
interpersonal communication. It has 5 basic elements
such as :
 (i) Speaker,
 (ii) Speech
 (iii) Occasion,
 (iv) Audience and
 (v) Effect.
Functions of
Communication
 Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are
control, social interaction, motivation, emotional expression, and
information dissemination.
 1. Control – Communication functions to control behavior.
 2. Social Interaction – Communication allows individuals to
interact with others.
 3. Motivation – Communication motivates or encourages people
to live better.
 4. Emotional expression – Communication facilitates people’s
expression of their feelings and emotions.
 5. Information dissemination – Communication functions to
convey information.
Features of an Effective
Communication
 In their pioneer book Effective Public Relations, Professors Broom, Cutlip,
and Center (2012) list the 7 Cs of Effective Communication. This list is
widely used today, especially in public relations and advertising.
 1. Completeness
Complete communication is essential to the quality of the communication
process in general. Hence, communication should include everything that
the receiver needs to hear for him/ her to respond, react, or evaluate
properly.
 2. Conciseness
Conciseness does not mean keeping the message short, but making it direct
or straight to the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be
eliminated from the communication that will be sent to the recipient.
 3. Consideration
To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant
information about his/her receiver such as mood, background, race,
preference, education, status, and needs, among others. By doing so,
he/she can easily build rapport with the audience.
 4. Concreteness
Effective communication happens when the message is concrete and
supported by facts, figures, and real-life examples and situations. In
this case, the receiver is more connected to the message conveyed.
 5. Courtesy
The speaker shows courtesy in communication by respecting the
culture, values, and beliefs of his/her receivers. Being courteous at all
times creates a positive impact on the audience.
 6. Clearness
Clearness in communication implies the use of
simple and specific words to express ideas. It is also
achieved when the speaker focuses only on a single
objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse the
audience.
 7. Correctness
Correctness in grammar eliminates negative impact
on the audience and increases the credibility and
effectiveness of the message.
Barriers to
Communication
Exercise III
Identify the function of communication in
each of the following situations. Write your
answers on the space provided.
_______________1. The teacher reads and discusses
classroom policies to her students.
_______________2. Ross greets Rachel; then, they start
talking about their plans for the holidays.
______________ 3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live
peacefully despite a complicated life.
_______________4. Monica shares her personal frustrations
with Chandler.
____________5. The geometry teacher lectures about
mathematical concepts.
____________6. Sheila delivers her valedictory speech.
____________7. The President delivers his last State of
the Nation Address.
____________ 8. A television personality thanks the
supportive moviegoers during an interview.
____________9. The city mayor presents her strategies
to execute the plans in a public forum.
___________10. A tourist guide orients a group of
tourists about a heritage site.
Application:
With the same group, you will
compare and contrast at least 2
models of communication using a
Venn Diagram.

Models of Communication

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Models of Communication

 theTransaction Model is a two way

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