Biomolecules and Thermodynamics
Biomolecules and Thermodynamics
Biomolecules and Thermodynamics
BIOMOLECULES AND
THERMODYNAMICS
Learning outcomes
Students should be able to :
Define biochemistry and biomolecules
Recognize various form of biomolecules
Identify functional groups for specific biomolecules
Understand thermodynamics
Identify the differences between two laws of
thermodynamics
Biochemistry
A study of chemical processes in living
organisms or biological systems with respect
to structures, functions and interactions of
cellular components such as proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
LO
Biomolecules
Biomolecules are organic molecules produced by living
organism.
Biomolecules arise from very simple molecules, such as
H2O, CH4, CO2, NH3, N2, and H2.
Biomolecules :
Protein - amino acid
Nucleic acid - nucleotide
Lipid
Sugar - monosaccharide
Vitamin
LO
c
a
LO
How Cells Use Energy
Light from the sun is the ultimate source of
energy for all life on earth
non-photosynthetic organisms
consume these carbohydrates and use
them as energy sources
1. Heat energy
2. Mechanical energy
3. Electrical energy
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics: A collection of laws and principles describing the
flow and interchange of heat, energy and mass (water and carbon
dioxide) in a system of interest that occur in and between living
organisms, structures, and cells.
LO
State of molecules at start and end of reaction.
start
end
Oxidation /
reduction
Formation/ Thermodynamics
breakdown ADP + Pi =
of chemical is involved in ATP
bonds various situations
Catabolism/
anabolism
Can be a chemical reaction, cellular
compartment or metabolic pathway
If G = 0, reaction is at equilibrium
LO
First Law of Thermodynamics: The total amount of
energy in an isolated system is conserved, though the form
of the energy may change (focus on enthalpy).
1st
2nd LO
When :
G < 0 spontaneous, exergonic, energy released
G = 0 equilibrium
G > 0 non-spontaneous, endergonic,,energy required
spontaneous
non-spontaneous
a b Oxidation -
reduction
LO
Spontaneous reaction = energy
released/catabolism / oxidation /
dephosphorylation
LO