Special Parameter To Account Entropy Generation in MP ..: Analysis of Irreversible Manufacturing Processes
Special Parameter To Account Entropy Generation in MP ..: Analysis of Irreversible Manufacturing Processes
Special Parameter To Account Entropy Generation in MP ..: Analysis of Irreversible Manufacturing Processes
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
MF ,k
in
Q scrap
HS MF H
m k 1
MF
o
MF ,k
mat
H scrap
S
i 1
k 1
m
MF
S mat
i 1
Q MF
loss
env
n n
H
j 1
prod
MF , j MF , j
prod
S
Q HS
in
Q loss m j 1
MF
MF env Sirr, MF SMF
mat
,i
THS T0 i 1
n o
dS MF
SMF
prod
,j scrap
S MF , k
dt j 1 k 1
Model Equations for Generalized Manufacturing
System
• Conservation of mass:
m n o
dmMF
m MF ,i m
mat
MF , j m
prod
MF
scrap
,k
dt i 1 j 1 k 1
• First Law
m n o
dEMF
H MF H MF , j H MF
mat prod scrap
,k in
Q HS MF loss
Q MF env W in
PPMF
dt i 1 j 1 k 1
• Entropy Balance:
dS MF m n o
Q in
Q loss
SMF
mat
,i S MF , j
prod S scrap HS MF MF env S
MF , k irr, MF
dt i 1 j 1 k 1 T HS T 0
SSSF Model Equations for Manufacturing System
• Conservation of mass:
m n o
MF ,i MF , j MF ,k 0
m mat
i 1
m prod
m scrap
j 1 k 1
• First Law
m n m
H
i 1
mat
MF H
j 1
prod
MF , j H MF
i 1
scrap
,k in
Q HS MF loss
Q MF env W in
PPMF 0
• Entropy Balance:
m n m
Q in
Q loss
MF ,i MF , j
mat S prod
S
i 1 j 1
SMF
i 1
scrap
,k HS MF
THS
MF env
T0
S irr, MF 0
H
i 1
mat
MF H
j 1
prod
MF , j H MF
scrap
i 1
,k in
Q HS MF loss
Q MF env W in
PPMF 0
n m m
W in
PPMF H prod
MF , j H scrap
MF , k H MF
mat
Q HS
in
MF loss
Q MF env
j 1 i 1 i 1
m mat n m
Q in
Q MF
loss
env T0 S MF ,i S MF , j S MF ,k
prod scrap HS MF
Sirr, MF
i 1 j 1 i 1 THS
n m m
W PP
in
MF MF , j MF ,k MF HS MF
H prod
j 1
H scrap
H mat
in
Q
i 1 i 1
m mat n m
Q in
T0 S MF ,i S MF , j S MF ,k
prod scrap HS MF
S irr, MF
i 1 j 1 i 1 THS
Vegetable Production System : Jagadishpr , Sonipat
Design : Krishi Vigyan Kendra ,Jagdishpur, Sonipat
5KW design with 3.7KW Irrigation Pump
ADVANTAGES OF IIT Delhi DESIGN
• Non-Renewable sources of petrol and diesel are not utilized
• Whole system is noiseless and does not disturb the
surrounding with sound pollution
• Water flowing through the turbine (partial pressure design II)
get oxygenated thereby effecting chemical and biological
oxygen demands which have a bearing on self regeneration
capacity of the soils [Pawlikewich]
• A pump with a high discharge head could be utilized with this
turbines hence Water storage in upper reaches facilitate
ground water recharge.
• The efficiency is the major player in power transmission and
the water wheel is set to take on the costlier reaction turbines
in its efficiency if it is properly worked on.
• The whole irrigation system costs around 700$ range.
Effect of Planting methods on total irrigation time (hrs.) and yields of Cauliflower
Main Shaft
Canal
12” Pulley
10” Pulley
Grinder
Penstock adjusting
lever
Water Wheel
New Design
Wooden Base
Impact of System irreversibility on actual Power
consumption
n m m
W in
PP MF H prod
MF , j H scrap
MF , k H MF
mat
Q HS
in
MF
j 1 i 1 i 1
m mat n m
Q in
T0 S MF ,i S MF , j S MF ,k
prod scrap HS MF
S irr, MF
i 1 j 1 i 1 THS
The quantity n H-TS is backbone m of thermo-economic/ecological
W PPMF H MF , j T0 SMF , j H MF ,k T0 SMF ,k H MF ,i
m
in prod prod scrap scrap mat
T0 SMF
mat
analysis
j 1
and is referred to
i 1
as the Gibbs free
i 1
energy.
Q HS
in
Q in
HS MF T0 MF
T0 Sirr, MF
THS
H H
n m m
Win
PP MF H prod
MF , j T0 S prod
MF , j
scrap
MF , k T0 S scrap
MF , k
mat
MF T0 SMF
mat
,i
j 1 i 1 i 1
in T0 in
Q HS MF Q
HS MF T0 S irr, MF
THS
Thermo-economics/Thermo-ecology
• The quantity H-TS is known as the Gibbs free energy.
• In manufacturing system, a different quantity appears, H -
T0S.
• The difference between this and the same quantity
evaluated at the reference state is called flow exergy, B.
H T0 S H TS 0
• Exergy represents the maximum amount of work that could be
extracted from a system as it is reversibly brought to equilibrium
with a well-defined environmental reference state.
Exergy
• In general, the bulk-flow terms may include contributions that
account for both the physical and chemical exergies.
• Hence = ph+ ch, as well as kinetic and potential exergy.
• The physical exergy is that portion of the exergy that can be
extracted from a system by bringing a given state to the
“restricted dead state” at a reference temperature and pressure
(T0,p0).
• The chemical exergy contribution represents the additional
available energy potential that can be extracted from the system at
the restricted dead state by bringing the chemical potentials at that
state (T0, p0) to equilibrium with its surroundings at the “ultimate
dead state”.
Dead State
• Consider a quantity of mass that undergoes a steady-state
process.
• With a given state for the mass entering the control volume, the
reversible work will be a maximum when this mass leaves the
control volume in equilibrium with the surroundings.
• This means that as the mass leaves the control volume, it must be
at the pressure and temperature of the surroundings, be in
chemical equilibrium with the surroundings, and have minimum
potential energy and zero velocity.
Dead State
H H
n m m
W
in
PP MF H prod
MF , j T0 S prod
MF , j
scrap
MF , k T0 S scrap
MF , k
mat
MF T0 SMF
mat
,i
j 1 i 1 i 1
in T0 in
QHS MF QHS MF T0 Sirr, MF
THS
Flow Exergy Balance Equation
H H
n m m
W in
PP MF H prod
MF , j T0 S prod
MF , j
scrap
MF , k T0 S scrap
MF , k
mat
MF T0 SMF
mat
,i
j 1 i 1 i 1
in T0 in
QHS MF QHS MF T0 Sirr, MF
THS
H H
n m m
W
in
PP MF H prod
MF , j T0 S prod
MF , j
scrap
MF , k T0 S scrap
MF , k
mat
MF T0 SMF
mat
,i
j 1 i 1 i 1
in
H
m m
T0 in
QHS MF QHS MF T0 Sirr, MF H MF
mat
TSMF
mat
,i 0
mat
MF TSMF
mat
,i 0
THS i 1 i 1
mat
H MF TS MF
mat
0
m mat
MF h Ts 0
Dead State Definition
mat
H MF TS MF
mat
0
m mat
MF h
mat
MF Ts mat
MF 0
h
mat
MF Ts h
mat
MF 0
prod
MF Ts h
prod
MF 0
scrap
MF Ts scrap
MF 0
Actual and Ideal Power Consumption in terms of
Flow exergy
n m m
T0
W
in
PPMF
prod
MF , j
scrap
MF , k MF QHS MF 1
mat in
T0 Sirr, MF
j 1 i 1 i 1 THS
T0
W
n m m
in
PPMF ideal
prod
MF , j
scrap
MF , k mat Q in
MF HS MF 1
j 1 i 1 i 1 THS
prod
MF P material