Chapter 2 :

MULTIMEDIA
HARDWARE

NOTES PREPARED BY:

WAN FAZLINI IDAYU WAN FAKARI

Input Devices
Any peripheral (piece of computer
hardware equipment)used to provide
data and control signals to a
computer.
Allows the user to put data into the
computer.
Without any input devices, a
computer would only be a display
device and not allow users to interact
with it.

Examples of Input Device

Keyboard
Mouse
Touchscreen
Graphic tablet
Microphone
Scanner

Describe the input devices:

Keyboard
Pointing devices
Imaging and Video input devices
Audio input devices

Keyboard
One of the primary input devices used with a
computer.
The keyboard looks very similar to the keyboards
of electric typewriters, with some additional
keys.
Keyboards allow a computer user to input letters,
numbers, and other symbols into a computer
Uses an arrangement of buttons or keys.
Requires pressing and holding several keys
simultaneously or in sequence.

Keyboard

Types of Keyboard
Standard
Desktop computer keyboards, such
as the 101-key US traditional
keyboards or the 104-key Windows
keyboards, include alphabetic
characters, punctuation symbols,
numbers and a variety of function
keys.

Types of Keyboard

Standard
Laptop
Gaming and Multimedia
Thumb-sized
Virtual
Foldable

Types of Keyboard
Laptop Keyboard
The laptop computer keyboard is a small
version of the typical QWERTY keyboard.
A typical laptop has the same keyboard
type as a normal keyboard, except for the
fact that most laptop keyboards condense
the symbols into fewer buttons to
accommodate less space.

Types of Keyboard
Gaming and Multimedia Keyboard
The gaming keyboards are designed for
the convenience of the gamers and these
types of keyboards provide the required
controls on the keyboards like back
lighting.

Types of Keyboard
Thumb-sized keyboard
Smaller external keyboards have been
introduced for devices without a built-in
keyboard, such as PDAs, and smartphones.
Small keyboards are also useful where
there is a limited workspace.

Types of Keyboard
Virtual Keyboard
The virtual keyboards are not
actually physical keyboards, but they
are simulated using a software.

Types of Keyboard
Foldable Keyboard
Foldable keyboards are extremely
good for travelling.
Simply roll them up and then unroll
them when you need them again.

Keyboard Layouts

QWERTY
QWERTZ
AZERTY
DVORAK

Keyboard Layouts
QWERTY
Common layout

Keyboard Layouts
QWERTZ
Used in Germany, Hungary and
Czech Republic

Keyboard Layouts
AZERTY
It is used by most French speakers
based in Europe

Keyboard Layouts
DVORAK
Alternative for QWERTY
Dvorak layout uses less finger motion,
increases typing rate, and reduces errors
compared to the standard QWERTY

 Key Types

Pointing devices
A pointing device is a hardware
input device that allows the user to
move the mouse pointer to select
items on a display screen.
Types of pointing device:
Based on rolling a ball
Based on touching a surface
Based on moving stick

Pointing devices
Based on rolling a ball
Example:
Mouse
Trackball

Pointing devices
Mouse
A device that controls the
movement of the cursor or
pointer on a display screen.
The mouse is important for
graphical user interfaces
because user can simply
point to options and objects
and click a mouse button.

Pointing devices
Type of Mouse
Mechanical:Has a
rubber or metal ball on
its underside that can
roll in all directions.
Optical:Uses a laser
to detect the mouse's
movement.

Pointing devices
Trackball
A trackball is a mouse
lying on its back.
To move the pointer, you
rotate the ball with your
thumb, your fingers, or
the palm of your hand
It does not require much
space to use it

Pointing devices
Based on touching a surface
Example:
Touchpad
Graphic tablet
Touch screen
Light pen
Stylus

Pointing devices
Touchpad
A small, touch-sensitive
pad used as a pointing
device on some portable
computers.
By moving a finger or
other object along the
pad, you can move the
pointer on the display
screen.

Pointing devices
Graphic Tablet
A graphics tablet (or
digitizer, digitizing tablet,
graphics pad, drawing
tablet) is a computer input
device that allows one to
hand-draw images and
graphics, similar to the
way one draws images
with a pencil and paper.

Pointing devices
Touchscreen
A touchscreenis an
electronic visual display
that can detect the
presence and location of
a touch within the display
area.
The term generally refers
to touching the display of
the device with a finger
or hand.

Pointing devices
Light Pen
A light pen is a computer
input device in the form of
a light-sensitive wand used
in conjunction with a
computer's CRT display.
It allows the user to point
to displayed objects or
draw on the screen in a
similar way to a
touchscreen but with
greater positional accuracy.

Pointing devices
Stylus
A stylus is a small
pen-shaped
instrument that is
used to input
commands to a
computer screen,
mobile device or
graphics tablet.

Pointing devices
Based on moving stick
Example:
Joystick
Gamepad

Pointing devices
Joystick
A joystick allows an individual to
move an object in a game such as
navigating a plane in a flight
simulator.

Pointing devices
Gamepad
A gamepad, game controller,
joypad, or video game
controlleris a peripheral device
designed to be connected to a
computer or console gaming system.
It has multiple buttons and may have
one or two mini joysticks.

Imaging and Video input

devices
Used to digitize images or video from
the outside world into the computer.
Example:
Digital camera
Webcam
Optical scanner
3D scanner
Fingerprint scanner
Barcode reader

Imaging and Video input

devices
Digital Camera
A camera that stores the
pictures or video it takes in
electronic format instead of to
film.
Digital cameras have become
the camera solution for most
users today as the quality of the
picture they take has greatly
improved and as the price has
decreased.

Imaging and Video input

devices
Webcam
A webcam is a hardware camera
connected to a computer that allows
anyone connected to the Internet to
view either still pictures or motion
video of a user or other object.

Imaging and Video input

devices
Optical Scanner
An optical scanner is a hardware
input device that allows a user to take
an image or text and convert it into a
digital file, allowing the computer to
read or display the scanned object.
Two types of scanner:
Flatbed
Hand-held

Imaging and Video input

devices

Scanners are used to convert conventional images,

texts, drawings and photos into digital form that can
be understood by the computer.

Imaging and Video input

devices

Imaging and Video input

devices

Imaging and Video input

devices
3D Scanner
A 3D scanner is a device
that analyzes a real-world
object or environment to
collect data on its shape and
possibly its appearance (i.e.
color).
The collected data can then
be used to construct digital,
three dimensional models.

Imaging and Video input

devices
Fingerprint Scanner
A fingerprint scanner or
fingerprint reader is a hardware
device that verifies a user or enters
password information by scanning
their finger.

Imaging and Video input

devices
Barcode Reader
A bar code reader or scanner is a
hardware device capable of readinga
bar code and printing out the details
of the productor logging that product
into a database.

Audio input devices

Audio input devices allow a user to
send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying out
commands.
Example:
Microphone
MIDI keyboard

Audio input devices

Microphone
A microphone is a hardware
peripheral that allows computer
users to input audio into their
computers.

Audio input devices

MIDI Keyboard
A MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital
Interface) keyboardis typically a pianostyle user interface keyboard device used
for sending MIDI signals to a computer.
MIDI information is sent to a computer
that capable of reproducing an array of
digital sounds or samples that resemble
traditional analog musical instruments.

Audio input devices

MIDI Keyboard

Output Devices
Explain the following output devices.
Audio devices
Monitors
Video Devices
Projectors
Printers

Output Devices
Any peripheral that receives or
displays output from a computer.
Computer hardware equipment used
to communicate the results of data
processing carried out by a computer
to the outside world.

Examples of Output
Device

Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Projector

Monitor
The device which displays computer
output.
The monitor displays the video and
graphics information generated by
the computer through the video card.
Monitors are very similar to
televisions but usually display
information at a much higher
resolution.

Monitor
Monochrome Monitor
A monochrome monitor is a
type of CRT computer display
which was very common in
the early days of computing,
from the 1960s through the
1980s, before color monitors
became popular.
They are still widely used in
applications such as
computerized cash register
systems

Monitor
Monochrome Monitor
Monochrome monitors
actually display two
colors, one for the
background and one for
the foreground.
The colors can be black
and white, green and
black, or amber and black.

Monitor
Color Monitor
Color monitors can display
anywhere from 16 to over 1
million different colors.
Color monitors are
sometimes called RGB
monitors because they
accept three separate
signals --red, green, and
blue.

Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Light-emitting Diode (LED)

Types of Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT)

Large
Heavy
Produce heat
Not expensive

Types of Monitor
Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD)

Less space
Lighter
Low power consumption
Expensive
Limited viewing angle

Types of Monitor
Light-emitting Diode
(LED)

Less space
Lighter
Very expensive
Provide higher contrast
and better viewing angles
than LCD monitor

Monitor Features
Screen Size
The actual amount of
screen space that is
available to display a
picture, video or
working space
Desktop screens are
usually 14 -25 inches
by diagonal
measurement.

Monitor Features
Aspect Ratio

The aspect ratio of a display is the

fractional relation of the width of the
display area compared to its height.
Two common aspect ratio:
4:3
16:9

Monitor Features
Aspect Ratio

Monitor Features
Display Resolution

The resolution of a monitor indicates how

densely packed the pixels are.
In general, the more pixels (often expressed
in dots per inch), the sharper the image.
Most modern monitors can display 1024 by
768 pixels, the SVGA standard.
Some high-end models can display 1280 by
1024, or even 1600 by 1200.

Monitor Features
Display Resolution

Monitor Features
Refresh Rate
The refresh rate is the number of times in a second
that a monitor draws the data.
The refresh ratefor a monitor is measured in hertz
(Hz)
The standard refresh rate is 75Hz, this means that
the monitor redraws the display 75 times per second.
A flickering monitor can contribute to eyestrain and
headaches.
The faster the refresh rate, the less the monitor
flickers.

Monitor Features
Refresh Rate

Monitor Features
Color Depth

Color depth describes how many colors

that can be displayed on a monitor's
screen.
Common color depths used by monitor:

4-bit (EGA) = 16 colors

8-bit (VGA) = 256 colors
16-bit (High Color) = 65,536 colors
24-bit (True Color) = 16 million colors

Monitor Features
Color Depth

Printer
Printer is an external hardware
device responsible for taking
computer data and generating a hard
copy of that data.
Printers are one of the most used
peripherals on computers and are
commonly used to print text, images,
and photos.

Types of Printer
Printers can be categorized into:
Impact Printer
Non-Impact Printer

Impact Printer
It strikes paper and ribbon together
to form a character, like a typewriter.
Advantages
Less expensive
Can make multiple
copies with multipart
paper

Disadvantages
Noisy
Print quality lower in
some types
Poor graphics or none
at all
Slow

Impact Printer
Daisy-wheel

Similar to a ball-head typewriter, this type

of printer has a plastic or metal wheel on
which the shape of each character stands
out in relief.
A hammer presses the wheel against a
ribbon, which in turn makes an ink stain in
the shape of the character on the paper.
Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality
print but cannot print graphics.

Impact Printer
Daisy-wheel

Impact Printer
Dot-Matrix

Creates characters by striking pins

against an ink ribbon.
Each pin makes a dot, and combinations
of dots form characters and illustrations.

Non-Impact Printer
It uses ink spray, toner powder or
inkless
Advantages
Quiet
Can handle graphics
and often a wider
variety of fonts than
impact printers
Fast

Disadvantages
More expensive
Occupies a lot of
space
The cost of
maintaining it is high

Non-Impact
Printer
Laser Printer (Tonerbased)

A laser printer rapidly

produces high quality
text and graphics.
Laser printers are often
used in corporate, school,
and other environments
that require print jobs to
be completed quickly and
in large quantities.

Non-Impact Printer
Multifunction Printer (Toner-based)

An MFPis an office machine

which incorporates the
functionality of multiple
devices in one.
A typical MFP may act as a
combination of some or all
of the following devices:

Printer
Scanner
Photocopier
Fax

Non-Impact Printer
Ink-jet Printer
Inkjet printer operates by
propelling variably-sized
droplets of liquid or
molten material (ink)
onto almost any sized
page.
They are the most
common type of
computer printer used by
consumers.

Non-Impact Printer
Thermal Printer (Inkless)
Thermal printers work by
selectively heating regions of
special heat-sensitive paper.
These printers are commonly
used in calculators and fax
machines; and although they
are inexpensive and print
relatively fast, they produce
low resolution print jobs.

Printing Speed
The printing speed is measured in:
cps(characters per second)
lpm(lines per minute)
ppm(pages per minute)

Plotter
The plotter is a computer printer for printing
vector graphics
Plotters are used in applications such as
computer-aided design such as diagrams,
layouts, specification sheets and banners
The plotter is capable of producing color
drawings in a matter of minutes
Plotters differ from printers in that they draw
lines using a pen
Plotters are considerably more expensive than
printers

Plotter

Speakers
A hardware device connected to a
computer's sound card that outputs
sounds generated by the computer.
Speakers can be used for various
sounds meant to alert the user, as
well as music and spoken text

Headphones
Headphones give
sound output from
the computer.
They are similar to
speakers, except
they are worn on
the ears so only one
person can hear the
output at a time.

Projector
An output device that can take the display
of a computer screen and project a large
version of it onto a flat surface.
Projectors are often used in meetings and
presentations so that everyone in the
room can view the presentation.

Projector
Types of projector
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector
Digital Light Processing (DLP)
projector

Projector
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector

In the early days of

projectors, CRT projectors
were commonly used.
They utilized three tubes, one
for each of the primary colors.
Due to their large size, low
light output and the frequent
need to converge and align
the images projected from
each of the three tubes, they
are no longer commonly
used.

Projector
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector

Long service life; CRT tubes

maintain good brightness
to 10,000 hours.
CRT projectors are both
considerably larger and
heavier than comparable
LCD and DLP projectors.
CRT projectors require far
more time to set up and
adjust than LCD and DLP
based projectors.

Projector
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector

LCD projectors work by

utilizing polarized mirrors
that pass and reflect only
certain colors of light.
This causes each channel of
red, green and blue to be
separated and later reconverged via a prism after
passing through an LCD
panel that controls the
intensity and saturation of
each color.

Projector
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector

LCD projectors work by utilizing

polarized mirrors that pass and
reflect only certain colors of light.
This causes each channel of red,
green and blue to be separated
and later re-converged via a prism
after passing through an LCD
panel that controls the intensity
and saturation of each color.
An LCD projector can achieve
greater brightness at a lower
energy consumption
Smaller than CRT projectors

Projector
Digital Light Processing (DLP)
projector

DLP projectors can be

classified as one-chip or
three-chip.
One-chip DLP projectors can
produce more than 16 million
colors while three-chip
models can produce more
than 35 trillion colors.
This allows DLP projectors to
reproduce more natural and
lifelike images.

Communication Devices
Discuss the following communication
devices.
Modems
ISDN
Cable Modems

Communication Devices
Modems
ISDN
Cable modems

Modems
Modems modulate and de-modulate
analog signals.
They provide connectivity through
standard phone lines.
Modems can be internal or external.
Modem speed is measured in baud, and
the standard modem speed should be at
least 56 Kbps.

ISDN
ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network.
It is used for higher transmission speeds by telephone.
They transfer data at the rate of 128 Kbps.
ISDN lines are used for networking, Internet access,

and audio-video conferencing.

They are more expensive than the conventional analog

lines.

Cable Modems
They provide Internet access at
speeds faster than a telephone
modem, over the same cable
network that supplies the television
signal.
However, due to noise in the system,
sending rates may be much slower
than receiving rates.