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Introduction To Computer Graphics

The document outlines the history and key concepts of computer graphics. It discusses computer graphics from the 1950s to 2000, covering milestones such as the development of wireframe graphics, raster graphics, standards like GKS and OpenGL, and advances in realism through techniques like texture mapping and bump mapping. The document also defines computer graphics as the creation and manipulation of images using computers, and discusses common graphic file formats and software/hardware used in computer graphics.

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subhranildasgupta_online
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© © All Rights Reserved
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198 views

Introduction To Computer Graphics

The document outlines the history and key concepts of computer graphics. It discusses computer graphics from the 1950s to 2000, covering milestones such as the development of wireframe graphics, raster graphics, standards like GKS and OpenGL, and advances in realism through techniques like texture mapping and bump mapping. The document also defines computer graphics as the creation and manipulation of images using computers, and discusses common graphic file formats and software/hardware used in computer graphics.

Uploaded by

subhranildasgupta_online
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

MCA 403
Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics

Outline: Section A

Introduction to Computer Graphics

Applications Areas

GKS Primitives

Graphic Devices
i)

Display Devices

ii)

Input Devices iii)

Output

Devices

Drawing Geometry
i)

DDA Algorithm

ii)

Bresenhams Algorithm

Referred Books:
Hearn & Baker / Schaums Series / Newman & Sproull / Class Notes / PPTs

Computer Graphics

Outline: Section B

2D Transformations
i)

Translation

iii)

Scaling

v)

Shearing etc.

ii)

Rotation
iv)

Reflection

Graphic Operations
i)

Clipping

ii)

Windowing

iii)

Filling

Referred Books:
Hearn & Baker / Schaums Series / Class Notes / PPTs

Computer Graphics

Outline: Section C

3D Transformations
i)

Translation

ii)

Rotation

iii)

Scaling

Projection

Hidden Surface Removal

Shading

Referred Books:
Hearn & Baker / Schaums Series / Class Notes / PPTs

Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics
What is Computer Graphics ?

Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics

What is a Graphic?

A graphic can be a:

Chart
Drawing
Painting
Photograph
Logo
Navigation button
Diagram

Computer Graphics

What do graphics look like?

Graphics can be:

Black and White


Grayscale (Monochromatic)
Color
Still
Animated

Computer Graphics

Grayscale (Monochromatic)

Computer Graphics

What do graphics do?

Graphics can:

Illustrate or demonstrate procedures


Clarify data
Convey ideas
Tell stories
Add visual appeal

Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics

Computer graphics deals with all aspects of creating images with a computer :

Hardware
Software
Applications

Computer Graphics

Hardware / Software
Software:
GKS
Maya

PHIGS
PHIGS+
Lightwave Photoshop

Illustrator Corel Draw Filmbox


Blender and many more.

Hardware: PC with graphics card

Computer Graphics

Graphic File Formats

A computer can save and interpret


graphic images in a variety of formats.
Some of the most common are:

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)


JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
TIFF (Tagged Information File Format)
PIC (Picture)
BMP (bitmap)
TGA (Targa)
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

Computer Graphics

What is Computer Graphics?

Creation and Manipulation of pictures


with the help of computer. These types
of pictures may be generated either on
paper or film, using any computer
controlled device like plotter.

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 19501960

Computer graphics goes back to earliest days


of computing:

Strip charts
Pen plotters
Simple displays using A/D converters to go from
computer to calligraphic CRT

Cost of refresh for CRT too high:

Computers slow, expensive, unreliable (not


anymore!)

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 1960-1970

Wireframe graphics:

Draw only lines!

Sketchpad
Display Processors
Storage tube

wireframe representation
of sun object

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 19701980

Raster Graphics.

Beginning of graphics standards.

IFIPS:

GKS: European effort.

Core: North American effort.

Becomes ISO 2D standard.


3D but fails to become ISO standard.

Workstations and PCs.

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 19801990


Realism comes to computer graphics

Smooth Shading

Environment
Mapping

Bump Mapping

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 1980Special purpose hardware:


1990

Industry-based standards:

Silicon Graphics geometry engine: VLSI


implementation of graphics pipeline.

PHIGS.
RenderMan.

Networked graphics: X Window System.


Human-Computer Interface (HCI).

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 1990OpenGL API.


2000

Completely computer-generated featurelength movies (Toy Story) are successful.

New hardware capabilities:

Texture mapping
Blending
Accumulation, stencil buffers

Computer
Graphics

Computer Graphics: 2000

Photorealism.

Graphics cards for PCs dominate market:


Nvidia, ATI.

Game boxes and game players determine


market direction.

Computer graphics routine in movie industry:


Maya, Lightwave.

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