Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Application
Fourier Series
−𝑝 𝑝
−𝑝 𝑝
−𝑝 𝑝
Periodic Function
Sine Function
Here 𝑇 = 𝑝 − −𝑝 = 2𝑝
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = = =
𝑇 2𝑝 𝑝
𝜋
−𝑝 𝑝 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
𝑝
𝜋
𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝜔𝑥 𝑓 𝑡 = sin 𝑡
𝑝
Sine Function
𝑝 𝑝
Here 𝑇 = − =𝑝−
2 2
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = = =
𝑇 𝑝 𝑝
2𝜋
−𝑝 𝑝 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
𝑝
2𝜋
𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝜔𝑥 𝑓 𝑡 = sin 𝑡
𝑝
Sine Function
𝑝 𝑝 2𝑝
Here 𝑇 = − = −
3 3 3
2𝜋 3.2𝜋 3𝜋
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = = =
𝑇 2𝑝 𝑝
3𝜋
−𝑝 𝑝 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
𝑝
3𝜋
𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝜔𝑥 𝑓 𝑡 = sin 𝑡
𝑝
Sine Function Sequence
𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
Sinusoidal Function Sequence
𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋
c𝑜𝑠 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
Sinusoidal Function Sequence & Constant Ftn
Linear Combination
Linear Combination
Linear Combination
Fourier Series
Series form by linear combination of infinite sine and cosine terms (plus
constant function)
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
Fourier Analysis
𝑝
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋
sin 𝑥 = න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =0
𝑝 −𝑝 𝑝
𝑝
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋 0 𝑛≠0
cos 𝑥 = න cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =ቊ
𝑝 −𝑝 𝑝 2𝑝 𝑛=0
Fourier Analysis
Fourier Analysis
𝑝
𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 =න sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑝 𝑝 −𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
1 𝑝 𝑛+𝑚 𝜋 1 𝑝 𝑛−𝑚 𝜋
= න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =0
2 −𝑝 𝑝 2 −𝑝 𝑝
Fourier Analysis
𝑝
𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 =න cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑝 𝑝 −𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
𝑛𝜋 0 𝑛≠0
c𝑜𝑠 𝑥 =ቊ
𝑝 2𝑝 𝑛=0
𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 =0
𝑝 𝑝
𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋 0 𝑛≠𝑚
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 =ቊ
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝑛=𝑚
𝑛𝜋 𝑚𝜋 0 𝑛≠𝑚
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 =ቊ
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝑛=𝑚
Textbook: Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Author: Dennis G Zill
Edition: Sixth
Chapter: 12-Orthogonal Functions and Fourier Series
Section: 12.2-Fourier Series
Page: 677
Fourier Series
Solution
Step 1 Find p
𝑝=𝜋
Step 2 Calculate 𝑎0
Fourier Series
Step 3 Calculate 𝑎𝑛 Finding the antiderivative
Fourier Series
Solution
Step 1 Find p
𝑝 = 𝜋/2
Step 2 Calculate 𝑎0
2 𝜋/2 2 0 𝜋/2
2
𝑎0 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 0 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝜋 −𝜋/2 𝜋 −𝜋/2 0 𝜋
Fourier Series
Step 3 Calculate 𝑎𝑛
2 𝜋/2 𝑛𝜋 2 𝜋/2 2 0 𝜋/2
𝑎𝑛 = න 𝑓 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 cos 2𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 0 𝑑𝑥 + න cos 2𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 −𝜋/2 𝑝 𝜋 −𝜋/2 𝜋 −𝜋/2 0
4𝑛
𝑏𝑛 =
𝜋 4𝑛2 − 1
Fourier Series
Step 5 Write the Fourier series
∞
1 sin 2𝑛 + 1 𝜋Τ2 sin 2𝑛 − 1 𝜋Τ2 4𝑛
𝑓 𝑥 = + + . cos 2𝑛𝑥 + 2
. sin 2𝑛𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 2𝑛 + 1 𝜋 2𝑛 − 1 𝜋 4𝑛 − 1
𝑛=1
cos 0 + 0 1
= =
2 2
Fourier Series
Step 7 Calculate values of Fourier Coefficients
3𝜋 𝜋 4
sin sin 𝑏1 = = 0.424
𝑎1 = 2 + 2 = 0.212 𝜋 3
3𝜋 𝜋
5𝜋 3𝜋 8
sin 2 sin
2 = −0.042 𝑏2 = = 0.169
𝑎2 = + 𝜋 15
5𝜋 3𝜋
7𝜋 5𝜋
sin sin 2 12
𝑎3 = 2 + = 0.018 𝑏3 = = 0.109
7𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 36