Unit 3 Science and Technology and The Human Person

UNIT 3
Science and Technology and

the Human Person
Chapter VII:
Prepared by: H. R. D. Cruz

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website-humanflourishing_orig.png
Objectives
• Describe man
• Enumerate the needs of human
• Define human flourishing
• Explain the pillars of Well-Being Theory
What is a Human Being?
• A man, woman, or child of the species
Homo sapiens with superior mental
development, power of articulate speech,
and upright stance.
• Individual person responsible for the

researches and innovations available
today.
According to Aristotle
• Man is a…
rational animal
creature whose destiny is to live in the
spiritual world and physical world.
 material body and a spiritual soul
- With belief on the existence and live in the
kingdom of God
Spiritual world
• Different beliefs, religions, doctrines, on the
existence of God have been explored
Physical world
• destined to live and be part together with other
living organisms
“The way human beings do things is by making rational
choices.”
- Aristotle
RATIONAL CHOICE
THEORY
Specific actions Different

and scientific Model of Science and norms,
investigations human technology
most in line with
principles,
decision priorities to
their personal values, and
making satisfy human
preferences intuitions
needs
Characteristics of Humans that
evolved over time
1.) WALKING UPRIGHT

•Earliest humans climbed tress and walked
on the ground to gather food and find
shelter for survival.
•Four legged  walking upright
2.) USE OF DIFFERENT TOOLS
• Activities such as foraging, hunting, and fishing to

provide food supply  tools and tool making
• stone, wood, bone, ivory, metals (bronze & iron)
3.) DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
• Raised animals for clothing,
medicine, and shelters.
• First domesticated animal: GOATS

• Oxen or horses – for plowing and
transportation
• Also called as beasts of burden
4.) CHANGES IN HUMAN BODY
• Humans spread to different environments and
changed their diet.
A. Short bodies and long guts (6 mya)

B. Tall bodies and short gut (9 mya)
C. Compact bodies (400,000 ya)
D. Bones were smooth and weaker (50,000 ya)
5.) COMPLEXITY OF BRAINS
• New challenges that humans faced as the
environment changes
• Bigger human bodies
• Larger and more complex human brains
• The more information the brain receives, the faster it

process, the more adequately it will be able to
respond.
6.) SOCIAL LIFE
“No man is an island, entire of itself. Every man is a
piece of the continent, a part of the main.”
- John Donne, Meditation XVII
FAMILY  SOCIETY
Society – friendly association with others
- group of people who share common
economic, social, and industrial infrastructures
6.) SOCIAL LIFE
IMPORTANCE
a. Support for each other
b. Formation of Social groups
c. Formation of a culture
d. Regulation of policies and standards
e. Achieving a common goal
7.) USE OF LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS
• Ancient times
- communicate thru symbols, languages, or sounds
- used pigments, paintings, and cravings
- information in stone paintings, walls of caves etc.
- jewelry to reflect their identity
• Modern times
- colors, printing press, sounds, computers, and
language to communicate
HUMAN FLOURISHING
• an effort to achieve self- actualization and
fulfillment within the context of a larger
community, each with the right to pursue his or
her own efforts
• Life-long existential journey of hopes,

achievements, regrets, losses, illness, suffering,
and coping
“ There is an end to all the actions that we perform
which e desire for ourselves.”
- Aristotle
Human Flourishing
- Known as eudaimonia, flourishing, happiness
- Highest good of human endeavors.
- Concept of religion and belief in God are also anchored
WELL-BEING THEORY
• Martin E. P. Seligman
• human flourishing is not only focused on
happiness of individuals alone but also in
psychological well-being.
• Rests on five pillars - PERMA

WELL-BEING THEORY
Positive Emotion
• contribute to the “pleasant life”
• Emotion is an affective state of
consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear,
hate, is experienced.
WELL-BEING THEORY
Engagement
• doing everything with enthusiasm
• being one with the flow
WELL-BEING THEORY
Relationships
• great feeling of joy and sorrow shared with
other people.
•“Other people”- best antidote to the downs
of life and the single most reliable up.
WELL-BEING THEORY
Meaning
• Every human being wants meaningful life
• based on man’s value or worth
•Purpose of your existence
WELL-BEING THEORY
Accomplishment
• successful; achieved after a lot of work or
efforts
• for its own sake
Human enhancement through
technology is ubiquitous
Different technologies were developed to

improve health and nutrition.
Advancements in SCIENCE and
TECHNOLOGY should be assessed according
to the risks and costs they bring to the
SOCIETY and environment
 affect human flourishing

“You will never be happy if you continue to
search for what happiness consists of. You
will never live if you are looking for the
meaning of life.”
― Albert Camus
Chapter VIII: Technology
and the evolution of
human society
PREPARED BY: H.R. D. CRUZ
Objectives
• Describe how human society evolved through
time
• Classify the various technologies
• Explain how technology is passed on from
individual to individual
• Explain how science and technology serve as
keys in economic development of the country
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY
a. Hunter and gatherers society
-Dependent on the resources available in
nature
-Tools- stones, wood, bone, and ivory
b. Shifters and farmers
- after they learned how to tame animals and
grow crops
- beginning of an agricultural society
- process of mining
c. Manufacturing stage
- people discovered coal, gas, and oil used in
cooking
- door to industrialization
d. Future man-made world
-where technologies are used for producing
synthetic food and for recycling resources to
satisfy the increasing human needs
CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY
Alvin Toffler – classified societies based on the concept of waves
where each wave propels the older societies and cultures aside.
Book: “Third Wave”
1. FIRST WAVE SOCIETY

- replaced hunters-gatherers after agrarian
revolution
- small scale technologies which came to
existence through trial and error.
2. SECOND WAVE SOCIETY
- Period of industrial revolution until the end of
World war II
- mass production, mass consumption, mass
distribution and weapons of mass destruction
- foundations from Newton’s physics, biology, and
chemistry
3. THIRD WAVE SOCIETY
- post-industrialized society after World War II
- people used modern technologies (computers,
robotics and the like)
- this society is associated with scientific-
technological evolution
Classification of technology according to
process
 ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
- Involves processes that could create or generate,
convert and distribute energy
- Main purpose: yield high efficiency without causing
negative effects
- Examples: OIL, COAL, WIND WATER, GEOTHERMAL,
HYDROELECTRIC, NUCLEAR FUSION, AND SOLAR
ENERGY
 EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY
- Designs, fabrication and invention of
instruments, tools, gadgets, and machines.
- Examples: MOTOR, ENGINES, PLOW, MILLS,

SPINNING WHEELS, ROBOTS, FERMENTERS,
LASER, AND COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
MACHINES
• Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
(rTMS) treatment for Alzheimer’s in Canada.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- Tools and gadgets
- Computer systems and their application to
manage, process, and distribute
information
- Examples: TYPEWRITER, BOOKS,

NEWSPAPER, TELEVISION, TELEPHONE,
CELLPHONE, RADIO, PRINTER, and LASER
 LIFE TECHNOLOGY
- To make technological advancements
- For preservation, maintenance, treatment,
reproduction of living things
- Examples: ANIMAL BREEDING, HERBAL

MEDICINE, SURGERY, VACCINE, ANTIBIOTICS,
ARTIFICIAL AND ORGAN TRANSPLANT, GENETIC
ENGINEERING
 MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
- Extraction, fabrication, and synthesis
of materials for the benefit of mankind
- Examples: STEEL, PLASTICS, BRASS,

IRON, COPPER, CERAMICS,
ALUMINUMS, POLYMERS, SYNTHETICS
TECHNOLOGIES KEEP ON CHANGING THROUGH:
A. SUBSTITUTION
- Happens when technologies which may have been
used for a long period of time are replaced by the new and
better version
B. DIFFUSION
- Happens when technologies are being adopted by
individuals even after innovations come.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THRU S&T
• TRANSPORTATION
• COMMUNICATION
• MEDICINE
• INFRASTRUCTURE
• ELECTRICITY
• INDUSTRY
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- measures either the income or
the expenditures within the
country.
- money spent by consumers
buying goods
- business establishments
- government investments
The gross domestic product per capita in Philippines was last recorded at 2891.36 US dollars in 2017. The
GDP per capita in Philippines is equivalent to 23 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita in Philippines
averaged 1627.98 USD from 1960 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 2891.36 USD in 2017 and a record
low of 1059.30 USD in 1960.
2. Per capita income
- average income earned by a person in a particular
city, region, or country.
- a way of measuring the economic status and the
quality of life in different areas.
- can be computed by dividing the country’s
national income by its population
3. Income distribution
- measure of how the total gross domestic
product of the country is equally distributed among
its members/people.
- distribution of rich and poor.
Five choices: explained
• Type 1: “A small number of elite or rich people at the top, very few in
the middle, and the great mass of people at the bottom.”
• Type 2: “A society like a pyramid, with a small elite at the top, more
people in the middle, and most at the bottom.”
• Type 3: “A pyramid except that just a few people are at the bottom.”
• Type 4: “A society with most people in the middle.”
• Type 5: “Many people near the top, and only a few near the bottom.”
Results!
• SWS results shows that most Filipinos believe Type 2
(“A society like a pyramid, with a small elite at the top,
more people in the middle, and most at the bottom.”)
best describes the current state of Philippine society.
• As for the ideal state of the country’s income class
structure, most Filipinos say it should be Type 4:
“A society with most people in the middle.”
4. Growth Rate or Gross National Product (GNP)
- increase in the country’s total income total
economic activity.
- sum of all the goods and services produced in a
country per year by its people
- income of people + income overseas – income
paid to foreigners
Gross national product in Philippines increased to 2,728,917
php million in the second quarter of 2018 from 2,694,630
php million in the first quarter of 2018.
10 years ago:
GNP- averaged PHP 1,618,955.91 million from 1998 until

2018, reaching an all time high of PHP 2,728,917.00 million
in the second quarter of 2018.
5. Percentage of employment
- measure at which all the available labor
resources are being utilized.
- computed as the ratio of the employed to the
working age population
Above 70% - high ratio
Below 50 % - low ratio
The ratio of employment to the population is usually
higher for men than in women.
6. Structure of Labor Force
- sum total of all the men and women who are
able to work, be employed or unemployed.
7. Human Life expectancy
- average number of years an individual or a group
of people could be expected to live.
- person’s life span from birth
Life expectancy in the Philippines
• According to the latest WHO data published in
2018 life expectancy in Philippines is: Male 66.2,
female 72.6 and total life expectancy is 69.3
which gives Philippines a World Life Expectancy
ranking of 123.
7. Percentage of urban population
- percentage of people living in urbanized area
not depending upon agricultural products and other
government services.
Chapter IX:
The Good Life
Prepared by: Ms. H. R. Cruz
Objectives
• Identify intellectual virtues
• Define public good
• Compare and contrast the politico-ethical
and politico-economic concept of public
good
• Explain the green economy
• Determine ways on how to promote green
economy
Virtue
• a beneficial quality or power of a thing
(Merriam Websters’ Dictionary)
• a good moral quality in a person, or
the general quality of being morally good
(Cambridge Dictionary)
• Behaviour showing high moral standards.
(Oxford’s dictionaries)
Values
• principles or standards of behavior
• inform our thoughts, words, and actions
• one’s judgement of what is important in life
• the decisions we make are a reflection of our
values and beliefs, and they are always directed
towards a specific purpose.
4 types of values:
• INDIVIDUAL VALUES – reflect how you show up in your
life; principles to live by
• RELATIONSHIP VALUES – reflect how you relate to other
people
• ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES – reflect how your
organization shows up and operates in the world.
• SOCIETAL VALUES – reflect how you or your
organization relates to society.
Intellectual virtues
• excellent personal traits or character
strengths which deemed to be good for
thinking and learning associated with
knowledge and cognitive ability.
• educational goal
Good thinking and learning require…
• intellectually careful
• honesty
INTELLECTUAL
• humility
VIRTUES
• attentiveness
KEY FEATURES OF INTELLECTUAL VIRTUE
• They are acquired.

- Obtained through practice guided by instructions
• They are excellent character traits.

- Possessed by a person w/ excellent disposition
in life
• They involve human emotions,
intentions, motivations, and values.
- An intellectual virtuous person does not rejoice
with falsehood but loves truth.
- Reflects the principle that people value in life.
• They are aimed at cognitive goods.
- truth, knowledge, and understanding unified
Cognition – mental action or process of

acquiring knowledge and understanding
through thought, experience, and the senses.
They are means between two extremes.
- Excess and deficiency
Example:
Courage : rashness (excess)
cowardice (deficiency)
Humility : belittling oneself (excess)
arrogant (deficiency)
Pleasure
• a positive, enjoyable, or worth seeking
mental state that gives a feeling of
satisfaction and enjoyment.
• this feeling subsides
• subjective (depends on the need)
Happiness
• state of well-being and contentment
that encompasses living a good life with
a sense of meaning and deep
satisfaction.
• life is at best
• product of pleasure and life well-lived
Pleasure vs. happiness
- Low satisfaction - high satisfaction
- Things - Experiences
- unstable - constant and
generated within
both of them are temporary.

Public good
• an item or service consumed without
reducing the amount available for
others and cannot be withheld to
those who do not pay for it.
Public good
• Two concepts:
1. Politico-ethical sense
2. Politico-economic sense
The public good from the
politico-ethical sense
• National People and the Public Good
- Benefits the communal or national public
- morally good action is the one that helps the
greatest number of people.
Examples: National defense, education, public health, public
ports and highways, social services.
politico-ethical sense
• Communal People and the Public Good
- Community good
- Only inside their community
- Communal public good does not jibe to other
communities’ public good.
Examples: establishment of dam helpful to a certain land,
but can harm or has no use to the other.
politico-economic sense
• MICROECONOMY
- the benefit that may accrue an individual or a
firm in pursuing a project that will offset possible
losses or adverse effects and that will benefit the
general public.
Example:
• microeconomics would look at how a
specific company could maximize its
production and capacity, so that it could
lower prices and better compete in its
industry.
Read more: What's the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics? https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/difference-between-
microeconomics-and-macroeconomics/#ixzz5WN2Bsz00
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook
politico-economic sense
• MACROECONOMY
- distinction between service and profit
orientations.
- economy as a whole
example
•macroeconomics would look at how an
increase/decrease in net
exports would affect a
nation's capital account or how GDP
would be affected by
the unemployment rate.
Read more: What's the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics? https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/difference-between-
microeconomics-and-macroeconomics/#ixzz5WN2MVGqY
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook
Types of public goods
1. “Public” Public Goods
- non-rival and non-excludable
- in the interest of the entire nation
ex. : air, national security, education,
health services, trade and industry,
2. “Private” Public Goods
- set up by the private sector
- the general public benefits from
them as customers or as free riders
ex. Sell products not consumable for all, only
those who have the money can avail
3. “Mixed” Public Goods
- undertaken by some private
organization for the common good.
- service-oriented not profit
ex. Wifi, cable, cinemas, toll roads

4. Public “Bads”
- negative goods which the general
public scorns and avoided and not tolerated.
- needs to be eradicated
ex. Corruption, pollution, crimes, etc.
Eudaimonia and the common good
• happiness is important to every
individual.
• people tend to seek for good life not
only for themselves but a good life with
others.
•Common good
The green economy
• The United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP, 2010), defines
this as a result of improved well-
being and social equity while
reducing environmental risks and
ecological scarcities.
The green economy concept
• growth in income and employment
driven by public and private investments
reduce carbon emissions and population
 enhance energy and resource efficiency
 prevent loss of biodiversity and
ecosystem services
Philippines: pushing for green economy
• Republic Act No. 8749

- An act providing for a
comprehensive air pollution
control policy and for other
purposes.
• Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

- Article 3 - Pollution from stationary
sources
- Article 4 - Pollution from motor vehicles
- Article 5 - Pollution from other sources
• Rivers Revival Program

-“Ilog ko, Irog ko”
 Navotas-Malabon-Tenejeros-Tullahan
river system
- Manila bay Clean up Project
• Ban of Plastics (Solid waste
management)
- Started in Quezon City (2012)
- diffused into different regions in the
country
`
When technology and
humanity cross
GNED 06 STS
PREPARED BY : H.R.D. CRUZ
TECHNOLOGY: PRACTICAL IMPACTS
• Health
• Education
• Agriculture
• Transportation
Changing technology primarily impacts
our society today:
• willingness to transform
• desire to transmit information
• dominate information
Why?
- It brings comfort in our lives
ADVANTAGES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY
(Ramey, 2012 & Skills Learning Schools, 2016)
• Improved communication, easy

access to information and social
networking
• Improved housing, lifestyle, and

entertainment
• Convenience in Education
• Convenience in traveling
• Change in Health Industry
STAR TREK STYLE

TRICORDER
ROBOTIC
NURSE
ASSISTANT
ARTIFICIAL
RETINAS
REMOTE
PATIENT
MONITORING
ANTI-AGING
DRUGS
ELECTRONIC
UNDERWEAR
• Efficiency and productivity

• Creativity and Innovation

DISADVANTAGES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Job loss and

Human
displacement
REASONS:
1. World destruction weapons
REASONS:
2. Increased loneliness
REASONS:
3. Competency
Universal
Declaration
of Human
Rights
• Universal
Declaration
of Human
Rights
Emerging
Technological Ethical
Dilemmas
1. Real-time Surveillance
Imagery
2. Colonizing
Mars: An
astronaut
bioethics
3. Wearable Technology
4. State-sponsored
Hacktivism and “soft war”
5. Enhanced Pathogens
6. Non-lethal weapons
7. Robot swarms
8. Artificial life
forms
9. Resilient Social Ecological systems

10. Brain to brain interfaces

Why does
the
Future
NOT Need
us?
GNED 06
PREPARED BY: H.R. D. CRUZ

FOUR STAGES OF TECHNOLOGY
1. Proto-technology
2. Classical technology
3. Modern technology
4. Post-modern technology
1. PROTO-TECHNOLOGY
- Focuses on the time when
early tools were developed
before civilization
2. CLASSICAL TECHNOLOGY
-Rise of the agricultural
technologies and the
establishment of communities
and cities
3. MODERN TECHNOLOGY
- Fueled by science concepts
and principles which date
back about 500 years ago.
4. POSTMODERN TECHNOLOGY
- Replaces naturally occurring

products with technologically
developed ones.
Heidegger – stated that
modern technology is an
independent force in human
existence which builds a new and
incompatible order on top of what
was there.
TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN
EXTINCTION AND
DISPLACEMENT
TWO SCENARIOS:
1. Usual course of life as individuals
age and replaced by other species
2. Disappearance of ecological
niche due to the abrupt changes
man has inflicted in the ecosystem.
POSSIBLE THREATS
1. Ozone layer depletion through
chlorofluorocarbons
-CFCs are considered to be safe to use
-but it destroyed the ozone layer that protects
the planet from the UV radiation from the sun.
POSSIBLE THREATS
2. Usage of fossil fuel leading to
global warming and climate
change
- Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, natural gas,
and heavy oils.
- Climate scientists says that an average increase of
2ºC would be felt in 2050.
- caused by the presence of carbon-based greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere from melting permafrost.
POSSIBLE THREATS
3. Nuclear war and Nuclear
contamination
- Nuclear reactors as source of energy for most of the
industries in spite of the known threat to contamination
when they malfunction.
- fourth major accident happened in Chernobyl nuclear
power facility in Ukraine- 7000 cases of thyroid cancer
below 18 years old.
- First nuclear bomb was dropped in Hiroshima,
Japan- caused massive casualties
POSSIBLE THREATS
4. Plastics
- Most versatile and useful products in history
as they were known non-toxic to man.
- later known to be toxic to environment
- They do not enter the natural process of
recycling.
POSSIBLE THREATS
5. Petroleum-based fertilizer
-non-toxic when they are used solely to
increase crop yield and income.
- pollute nearby rivers and other bodies of
water
- amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus cause
EUTROPHICATION where algal bloom
results to oxygen depletion, cloudiness and
foul smell of water.
POSSIBLE THREATS
6. Habitat destruction
-Interdependency of each life form cannot
be recreated once it is destroyed.
- Land alteration, deforestation, and some
agricultural practices contributed to global
warming.
-CO2 level will increase- affect human
survival
“There is good reason to believe that at many
points in world history, good sense and the
human spirit have prevailed. But even if extreme
possibilities are unlikely to come to pass, we
should still proceed with caution and a sense of
moderation. At any rate, it is not too early to
start pondering strategies, policies and
legislation, because the future is almost here.”
- Nicholas Cai

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UNIT 3

Science and Technology and

Prepared by: H. R. D. Cruz

• Individual person responsible for the

Specific actions Different

1.) WALKING UPRIGHT

• Activities such as foraging, hunting, and fishing to

• First domesticated animal: GOATS

A. Short bodies and long guts (6 mya)

• The more information the brain receives, the faster it

• Life-long existential journey of hopes,

• Rests on five pillars - PERMA

Different technologies were developed to

 affect human flourishing

1. FIRST WAVE SOCIETY

- Examples: MOTOR, ENGINES, PLOW, MILLS,

- Examples: TYPEWRITER, BOOKS,

- Examples: ANIMAL BREEDING, HERBAL

- Examples: STEEL, PLASTICS, BRASS,

GNP- averaged PHP 1,618,955.91 million from 1998 until

• They are acquired.

• They are excellent character traits.

Cognition – mental action or process of

both of them are temporary.

ex. Wifi, cable, cinemas, toll roads

• Republic Act No. 8749

• Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

• Rivers Revival Program

• Improved communication, easy

• Improved housing, lifestyle, and

• Change in Health Industry

STAR TREK STYLE

• Change in Health Industry

• Change in Health Industry

• Change in Health Industry

• Change in Health Industry

• Change in Health Industry

• Efficiency and productivity

• Creativity and Innovation

Job loss and

9. Resilient Social Ecological systems

10. Brain to brain interfaces

PREPARED BY: H.R. D. CRUZ

- Replaces naturally occurring

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