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    Alkenes: Organic Chemistry

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    Melissa Marie Custodio
    Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. They are named using suffixes like -ene or -yne depending on the number of multiple bonds. The root name is based on the parent alkane and the double bond is indicated with a locator number. Isomers can exist as cis or trans depending on the orientation of groups around the double bond. Ethene and propene are important industrially as precursors to many other chemicals and polymers.

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    Alkenes: Organic Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Melissa Marie Custodio
    138 views21 pages
    Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. They are named using suffixes like -ene or -yne depending on the number of multiple bonds. The root name is based on the parent alkane and the double bond is indicated with a locator number. Isomers can exist as cis or trans depending on the orientation of groups around the double bond. Ethene and propene are important industrially as precursors to many other chemicals and polymers.

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    Alkenes

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    Alkenes

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    Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. They are named using suffixes like -ene or -yne depending on the number of multiple bonds. The root name is based on the parent alkane and the double bond is indicated with a locator number. Isomers can exist as cis or trans depending on the orientation of groups around the double bond. Ethene and propene are important industrially as precursors to many other chemicals and polymers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    138 views21 pages

    Alkenes: Organic Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Melissa Marie Custodio
    Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. They are named using suffixes like -ene or -yne depending on the number of multiple bonds. The root name is based on the parent alkane and the double bond is indicated with a locator number. Isomers can exist as cis or trans depending on the orientation of groups around the double bond. Ethene and propene are important industrially as precursors to many other chemicals and polymers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    ALKENES

    ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    -also known as olefins, are organic
    compounds that consist of carbon
    and hydrogen atoms with one or
    more carbon-carbon double bonds in
    their chemical structure. Alkenes are
    unsaturated hydrocarbons.
    They are hydrocarbons because
    they are made of only carbon and
    hydrogen atoms, and they are
    unsaturated because they have one
    or more double bonds in their
    chemical structure.
    Rules in naming Alkenes

    • The -ene suffix (ending) indicates an


    alkene or cycloalkene.
    • The longest chain chosen for the root
    name must include both carbon atoms of
    the double bond.
    • The root chain must be numbered
    from the end nearest a double bond
    carbon atom. If the double bond is
    in the center of the chain, the
    nearest substituent rule is used to
    determine the end where
    numbering starts.
    • The smaller of the two numbers
    designating the carbon atoms of the
    double bond is used as the double bond
    locator. If more than one double bond is
    present the compound is named as a
    diene, triene or equivalent prefix indicating
    the number of double bonds, and each
    double bond is assigned a locator number.
    Compounds AlkENEs SUFFIX -ene
    Methene Ethene
    Propene Butene
    Pentene Hexene
    Heptene Octene
    Nonene Decene
    USING COMMON NAME

    The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is


    commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes. In other
    words, if there is methyl group located on the
    second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the
    prefix iso-. The prefix will be placed in front of the
    alkane name that indicates the total number of
    carbons.
    To assign the prefixes sec-, which stands for
    secondary, and tert-, for tertiary, it is important
    that we first learn how to classify carbon
    molecules. If a carbon is attached to only one other
    carbon, it is called a primary carbon. If a carbon is
    attached to two other carbons, it is called a
    seconday carbon. A tertiary carbon is attached to
    three other carbons and last, a quaternary carbon
    is attached to four other carbons.
    isoprene = 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
    isobutene = 2-methylpropene
    CIS AND TRANS ISOMERS
    FORMS OF AN ALKENE THAT HAVE THE SAME
    STRUCTURE EXCEPT FOR THE ORIENTATION OF
    THE COMPONENTS AROUND THE DOUBLE
    BOND.

    “CIS” FROM THE LATIN WORD MEANS ON THE


    SAME SIDE . (large group)
    “TRANS” MEANS ACCROSS. (large group)
    ISOMERS - TWO OR MORE
    COMPOUNDS WITH THE SAME
    FORMULA BUT A DIFFERENT
    ARRANGEMENT OF ATOM IN A
    MOLECULE.
    BUT CIS TO TRANS
    CAN'T BE SWITCHED
    IUPAC MF CF
    ethene C2H4 CH2=CH2
    propene C3H6 CH2=CHCH3
    1-butene C4H8 CH2=CHCH2CH3
    1-pentene C5H10 CH2=CH(CH2)2CH3
    1-hexene C6H12 CH2=CH(CH2)3CH3
    1-heptene C7H14 CH2=CH(CH2)4CH3
    1-octene C8H16 CH2=CH(CH2)5CH3
    GENERAL FORMULA OF
    ALKENE MOLECULES
    CnH2n - alkene
    CnH2n-2 - cycloalkene
    CnH2n-4 - 2 Double bonds cycloalkene
    CnHn - 3 Double bonds alkene cycloalkene
    USES OF ALKENES
    Ethene is the most important organic chemical,
    by tonnage, that is manufactured. It is the
    building block for a vast range of chemicals
    from plastics to antifreeze solutions and
    solvents.
    Propene is also used for the
    production of important chemicals
    such as propylene oxide,
    acrylonitrile, cumene,
    butyraldehyde, and acrylic acid.
    QUIZ
    Identification

    1. 4.

    2. 5.

    3.
    Draw the line structure of the ff.

    1. 5-Ethyl-3-Hexene
    2. 1-Ethylcyclohexatriene
    3. cis-2-pentene
    4. trans-2-pentene
    5. 3-Methylcyclohexdiene

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