Cholera

CHOLERA
WHAT IS CHOLERA?
Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery
diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if
untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water
contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.
WHY CHOLERA CALLED BLUE DEATH?

Cholera has been nicknamed the "blue death" because a
person dying of cholera may lose so many body fluids that their
skin turns bluish-gray.
ORIGIN OF CHOLERA
• The first cholera pandemic emerged out of the Ganges Delta
with an outbreak in Jessore, India, in 1817, stemming from
contaminated rice. The disease quickly spread throughout most
of India, modern-day Myanmar, and modern-day Sri Lanka by
traveling along trade routes established by Europeans.
• By 1820, cholera had spread to Thailand, Indonesia (killing

100,000 people on the island of Java alone) and the Philippines.
From Thailand and Indonesia, the disease made its way to
China in 1820 and Japan in 1822 by way of infected people on
ships.
• The second cholera pandemic began around 1829.
• Cholera infect Europe and America
• By autumn of 1830, cholera had made it to Moscow. The spread of the

disease reaching Finland and Poland. It then passed into Hungary and
Germany.
• “cholera riots” in Liverpool.
• Around the same time, cholera imported into the United States,
appearing in New York and Philadelphia. Over the next couple of years, it
would spread across the country. It reached Latin America,
including Mexico and Cuba, in 1833.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• When the bacteria that • These bacteria release a
cause cholera enter the body, toxin that causes an
some of it can be killed by increased amount of water
stomach acid. However, some to be released from cells that
of the bacteria travel to the line the intestines. This
small intestine, causing the increase in water produces
loss of large amounts of salt severe diarrhea. People
and water in the form of develop the infection from
watery diarrhea. The resulting eating or drinking food or
dehydration, when severe, can water that contains
cause death. the cholera germ.
CAUSATIVE AGENT
• Cholera is an infectious
disease that causes severe Cholera Causes
watery diarrhea, which can
lead to dehydration and even Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is
death if untreated. It usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from
is caused by eating food or a person with the infection. Common sources include:
drinking water contaminated • Municipal water supplies
with a bacterium called
Vibrio Cholerae. • Ice made from municipal water
• Foods and drinks sold by street vendors
• Vegetables grown with water containing human wastes
• Raw or undercooked fish and seafood caught in waters

polluted with sewage
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
It is spread by eating or drinking food

or water contaminated by the feces
(poop) of an infected person. This
occurs more often in underdeveloped
countries lacking proper water
supplies and sewage disposal. It is not
likely that cholera is spread directly
from one person to another
• Rapid heart rate
• Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to

SYMPYOMS return to original position quickly if
Symptoms of cholera can begin as soon pinched)
as a few hours or as long as five days
• Dry mucous membranes, including
after infection. Often, symptoms are the inside of the mouth, throat, nose,
mild. But sometimes they are very and eyelids
serious. About one in 20 people infected
have severe watery diarrhea • Low blood pressure
accompanied by vomiting, which can • Thirst
quickly lead to dehydration. Although
many infected people may have minimal • Muscle cramps
or no symptoms, they can still • If not treated, dehydration can lead to
contribute to spread of the infection. shock and death in a matter of hours.
TREATMENT
• Rehydration therapy, meaning prompt restoration of
lost fluids and salts through rehydration therapy is the
primary goal of treatment.
•Antibiotic treatment, which reduces fluid requirements
and duration of illness, is indicated for severe cases of
cholera.
•Zinc treatment has also been shown to help improve
cholera symptoms in children
PREVENTION

Cholera

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CHOLERA

WHY CHOLERA CALLED BLUE DEATH?

• By 1820, cholera had spread to Thailand, Indonesia (killing

• Cholera infect Europe and America

• By autumn of 1830, cholera had made it to Moscow. The spread of the

• Foods and drinks sold by street vendors

• Vegetables grown with water containing human wastes

• Raw or undercooked fish and seafood caught in waters

It is spread by eating or drinking food

• Loss of skin elasticity (the ability to

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