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    Meningitis

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    naveen chaudhary
    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is very serious and requires prompt antibiotic treatment. Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, and confusion. Vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis.

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    Meningitis

    Uploaded by

    naveen chaudhary
    135 views15 pages
    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is very serious and requires prompt antibiotic treatment. Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, and confusion. Vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis.

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    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is very serious and requires prompt antibiotic treatment. Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, and confusion. Vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    135 views15 pages

    Meningitis

    Uploaded by

    naveen chaudhary
    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is very serious and requires prompt antibiotic treatment. Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, and confusion. Vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis.

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    What is Meningitis?

    Dr-Fayaaz Chandio PT, DPT


    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which, if
    severe, may become encephalitis, an inflammation of
    the brain.

    • Infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that
    surrounds the brain

    • Viral or Bacterial

    • Etiology is important because of the seriousness of the


    illness and the treatment needed
    Causes of Meningitis
    - Bacterial Infections
    - Viral Infections
    - Fungal Infections
    (Cryptococcus neoformans
    Coccidiodes immitus)
    - Inflammatory diseases
    - Cancer
    - Trauma to head or spine.
    Viral Meningitis

    • Usually clears up in a week or two with


    no specific treatment

    • Common; rarely serious infection of


    fluid in the spinal cord or fluid that
    surrounds the brain

    • Also called aseptic meningitis


    Causes of Viral Meningitis
    • Caused by a number of different viruses

    mosquito-borne viruses

    occasionally seen after strep throat in


    young adults

    common intestinal viruses account for


    half of U.S. cases per year
    Signs and Symptoms
    • Usually occur one week after exposure
    Fever
    Headache
    Stiff neck
    Tiredness
    Rash
    Sore Throat
    Vomiting
    Treatment and Prevention
    • No specific treatment for viral meningitis

    • Antibiotics do not work on viruses

    • Pay careful attention to personal hygiene

    • Good hand-washing helps prevent


    spread of infection and viruses
    Bacterial Meningitis
    • A serious infection of the fluid of the spinal
    cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain

    • Results from bacterial invasion of


    membrane that covers the brain and spinal
    cord (meninges)

    • Meninges become swollen and inflamed,


    leading to classic s/s of meningitis
    Causes of Bacterial Meningitis
    • Pneumococcal, Streptococcus pneumoniae
    (38%)

    • Meningococcal, Neisseria meningitidis (14%)

    • Haemophilus influenzae (4%)

    • Staphylococcal, Staphylococcus aureus (5%)

    • Tuberculous, Mycobacterium tuberculosis


    How do people get Bacterial
    Meningitis?
    • Bacteria are spread through direct contact with
    secretions from the nose or throat of an
    infected person

    • None of the bacteria that cause meningitis are


    very contagious

    • Not spread by casual contact or by simply


    breathing the same air where the person
    infected has been sitting
    Signs and Symptoms
    Under Age 2 Over age 2
    • Fever • High fever
    • Headache • Headache
    • Stiff neck • Stiff neck
    • Inactivity • Nausea and vomiting
    • Vomiting • Sensitivity to light
    • Poor feeding • Confusion
    • Seizures • Sleepiness
     May be hard to detect in • Petechiae that spreads
    infants rapidly
    • seizures
    Diagnosis & Treatment
    • Diagnosed via lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

    • Check for bacterial growth in the spinal fluid

    • Antibiotic administration based on bacteria found

    • Close contacts identified and treated also

    • Early diagnosis and treatment important


    Potential Complications
    • Advanced bacterial meningitis can lead to
    brain damage, coma, and death

    • Survivors can suffer long-term hearing


    loss, mental retardation, paralysis, and
    seizures
    Vaccinations
    • Hib vaccine (3 doses • Pneumococcal vaccine
    by 6 months of age ineffective in persons
    and a booster under age 2
    between 12-18 Recommended for all
    months of age) persons over age 65
    with certain medical
    problems

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